FPC OR FREE PEOPLE OF COLOR
This is the group of mixed-race Creoles of Color that ranged in appearance from red haired, freckled lite skin people of color, olive, red, or yellow skinned people of color to rich brown Creoles of Color. This is the group of people that used the Afro Iron smelting methods to design and build the French Quarter. Most historical accounts will deny the importance and contributions that this community made to the over all development, growth and what is now present day New Orleans. Most current real estate websites will give these supposedly in debt descriptions of New Orleans historical neighborhoods but will leave out (what can be proven from Census records-(the ones that the U.S. government and state of Louisiana didn't destroy in the late 1800's and early 1900's anyway) that FPC owned and occupied most of the real estate of what is now the French Quarter, 7th ward, Esplanade, Bywater, and Marigny areas.
The FPC had the first publications, developed trading systems with other Creoles living down river in lower Parish's like Plaquemines (my home Parish), had businesses ventures with elites of French society, took in many poor Cajuns, Irish, Italians, and freed or run-away African slaves, and also monopolized all of the daily operations of this city. Before FPC, New Orleans was a basic harsh swamp that many Europeans from France found unbearable and not livable.
My great grandfather could build a Creole Style shotgun house or Creole cottage with his bare hands. My great, great grandmother owned her own Creole cottage in the French quarter and she was a Creole of Color but many current writings on the French Quarter will leave out the fact that many Creole women of Color owned much of the real estate in the city's most sought after attraction and center of tourism.
The Vieux Carre' FPC owned the first beauty shops, Coffee houses, carpentry shops and publishing houses. This history always seems to be strangely missing from Louisiana history books and tourism guides for the state of Louisiana. What is mentioned is usually (on purpose) called Cajun.
While FPC or Creole of Color were not as well off as their relatives the White Creoles who owned huge plantations that surrounded the city and were French and aristocratic-they did make up the upper-middle class and were often very educated and creative people who maintained a higher status than most newly arrived whites from Europe. This drew alot of jealously and fear against FPC from newly arrived whites and also the African-Americans who were being ushered in as slaves, mostly from the English and Anglo-Americans on top of the ones France ans Spain held. France and Spain were enemies and not as many Creoles have Spanish bloodlines as some may think! Spain and France were like oil and vinegar-they just didn't mix. African in the Anglo-Americas were converted to the Protestant faith (the Catholic Church didn't convert the Africans in the Americas)-with the promise of full U.S. citizenship-and as we know that full citizenship didn't happen until the 1960's!What the white Anglo Protestant found in African-Americans that they couldn't find in Creoles of Color-were that the Africans were loyal and contempt with their third class human status. Creoles,were never a people to take a back seat to anyone.
The state of Louisiana and the city of New Orleans has been misclassifying Creoles as African-American when they know this is inaccurate or they attempt to attribute Creole accomplishment and history to other ethnic groups or even worse they just write Creoles of Color out of Louisiana history books. The current history books offered by the state of Louisiana make no mention of Creoles of Color or their rich history. That needs to change. Ignorant isn't bliss!
It is this selective and slick racism that has Creoles feeling a need to write the Real history and not the Reel His-story that isn't about telling historical data and facts correctly but about pushing FPC under the rug.
Acknowledgment of Creole heritage from Lt. Gov. Mitch Landrieu-Creole heritage needs to be state recognized just as the state of Louisiana has recognized (officially or unofficially) Cajun heritage, Black Heritage and Southern White Heritage-all of which came to the state after Creoles.http://www.nsula.edu/creole/documents/landrieu.pdf
(Mrs. Marion I. Ferreira)
CREOLES LAST STAND ON THE CANONIZATION OF MOTHER HENRIETTE DELILLE
Nolan Melonson, Vice President of International Organization for Creole People, after having gone to Seychelles for a Creole Convention, visited the Vatican in Rome, Italy in Ocober, 2005. While there when he was in the Square and was a visitor of Pope Benedict XVI, he was able to view a picture of Henriette Delille which was about three stories high and wide. Out of curiosity, he asked an Italian visitor who was the lady and his answer was “She’s the Black Nun”. He was surprised at his answer since he wasn’t sure how the people there were identifying her. He was also perplexed since there was no indication that the very large picture of Mother Delille portrayed a woman who appeared Black nor African-American, but the appearance of a multiracial woman.
We, as bona fide Native Born Creole Americans cannot stand idly by and let this catastrophy continue without putting up a last fight for Mother Delille’s true identity.
This letter comes as a request to ALL CREOLES to write a letter of protest addressed to Pope Benedict, XVI and the Vatican Sainthood Canonization Committee informing them that Mother Delille was not just and only “Black”. That her ancestry comprised of French, African-American, Italian, and Spanish. Her great grandparent was Claude Villars Dubreuil who was French, along with her maternal great grandparent, Nanette, who was African; her grand parents were Nanette’s daughter with the Spanish man, Diaz, and her parents were their daughter, Maria Diaz with Jean Baptiste Delille Sarpy, who was French and Italian..
That should Mother Delille be canonized with the incorrect identity, millions of Creoles all over the world will be forever disenfranchised in history. In light of the fact that the One Drop Policy was outlawed in the United States with the Loving case in the ‘70’s, it is a sad state of affairs that the Archbishop Alfred Hughes and the Sisters of the Holy Family, Delille’s founding organization, have not come up to the times and took this into consideration when ethnically identifying Mother Delille. That this whole attitude is all inspired for political and financial gains for the Roman Catholic Church.
Sincerely yours,
Mrs. Marion I. Ferreira
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http://babelfish.altavista.com/tr
Marrion Ferriera is the Founder of the Associates for the Preservation of the Creole Cultural Heritage. The organization is based in Los Angels and is still active. Marion was awarded the people’s award last year by the Creole Heritage Centre of Natchitoches for her militancy and devotion and dedication for the defence of Creole culture. Marion is a proud descendant of the Metoyer/Dupres of Cane River and on her mother’s side from the Oliver/Decuir/Ferdinand. Marion holds a bachelor degree in Sociology from the State Domingues Hills University. For the past 24 years Marion has devoted her life to saving the Creole Culture. She regularly attends Creole heritage events in order to promote the gathering of creoles in the
United States
as well as all over the world. Marion and her organization are engaged in a battle with the Catholic Church to recognize that Mother Henriette Dellille was a Creole of color and not an African American, which is totally different. Other members of the group are- Richard Augustine Comeaux, President, of San Jose, Calif. - Ronald Vidal, Vice President of Cypress, Calif. - Alfred E. Smith, Treasurer of Los Angeles, Calif.