CREOLE FOLKS

Does Queen Elizabeth & Prince Charles run America? The 411 on the British Royals

 

 

The Take Down of America.  Why Americans should take the American Flag, US Senate, Court System, US Congress and wipe their ass with it!

 

Queen Elizabeth and Prince Charles have one agenda and one agenda only......rule the world while sitting on a heap of 7 billion corpses.  Only then will they truly be happy.

 

Queen Elizabeth and Prince Charles are the two most insane and non stop bitchy people that I have ever seen.  Even Prince William is getting sick of these two.

 

 

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Queen Elizabeth and Prince Charles really need to stop living in the 1700's or maybe even the 1300's. On one hand, they have brainwashed law enforcement in the U.S., into thinking that Washington & Jefferson were terrorist and that if you carry a US Constituion  that you are Al Queida but every time that I turn around, these people appear to be still fighting for colonies.

 

The only people still fighting the American Revolution are the British Royal Family.  Not only is she still fighting the American Revolution but she appears to think that Louisiana is still a French Strong hold and that we were harboring French Generals, which could spring up at any time to organize the Americans and destroy her forces, like the French did in 1776.

 

Over the years, there have been talks about succession movements in French Canada, to get away from the Queen of England, since she does rule that country.  Each time that this breaking away

French Canada from the larger Canada, became a serious topic, she always appeared to pull a stunt in La. State. 

 

 The earliest stunt that Queen Elizabeth pulled, was when La. State had a school curriculum on the French Language and French Culture (still in high demand in La State)-and this combined with her not only owning almost all of the oil companies which were based in my home town, but when I started raising the reality about the unneeded pollution in the local town's paper, the oil companies aka Queen Elizabeth had me banned, so nothing on the topic of oil pollution could be raised.  This was back when I was 17.  It was creepy, but I always knew that Queen Elizabeth and Prince Charles had way more power over the U.S., than what is thought. 

 

In fact, I don't think that Americans have any idea, on much of power that the Royal Family has over the U.S., just as Canadians appear to think that Queen Elizabeth doesn't run Canada, even though she can and has suspended their entire government and even decides who will win the elections.

 

Queen Elizabeth felt that the La. school curriculum, in rural La. (French is still spoken around rural La) was a little too educational and organic, so she simply looked at the school board and head of Belle Chase High School, and saw that there were two white men with my same surname, so a conversation was had about the Duplessis Family having too much of power and at the end of the day, they were able to get me banned and they removed the head of school board from his position, all because Queen Elizabeth and her oil companies are rigorously afraid of some La. French Conspiracy that would take down her rule, because of course, Queen Elizabeth is also still fighting the French-vs-British Aristocrat battles! 

 

They even had a fake little write up in the fake media in La. simply pretending that this was a legit debate.  And as we see from looking at La. State and the state of its non-media, which is staffed by reporters who simply cant even investigate and factually report a Saints Football game, the brain drain in that state has led to a media that reads like a jr high school news letter.

 

So, simply being from America doesn't mean that one is from America, and while Americans cant appear to realize that the entire US System is a fake set up, you will soon enough.  The America that you saw on The Brady Bunch, Leave it to Beaver, Family Ties and The Cosby Show is not the America that won the battle.  My America, won the battle, which means that you will see what I see, if you survive.

 

The British Ruling Elites, have run every aspect of America, at least since I arrived out of my mom's vagina in New Orleans back in the 1970's.

 

I would say out of 10 books that were written by French Creoles in New Orleans, back in the 1800;s, detailing the history of colonial La., I only have one book that was passed down to me, because the British and their tokens from the North East started burning the books in New Orleans in the early 1900's.

 

• The Medical Encyclopedia introduced by the British in the late 1800's and early 1900's, basically labeled blacks as a walking disease, was circulated by the British and ruled to be just & sound science.  The anthropology of America was also destroyed, especially the fact that before 1910, every month there were bones of 17 foot biblical giants being found.  In fact, my great grand father had one buried in his back yard, but what was so common knowledge not that long ago, has been wiped out and replaced with every absurd idiotic fake history the British decides they want to put on the history channel.  Bad science and fake history has been a constant tool of the British.

 

Queen Elizabeth, is still under the impression that African Americans are her slaves, which is why she basically directs the US Army Corp to flood out areas that are black and or black and french, injects absurd propaganda as she also directs FEMA and other US Agencies to withhold any aid, as she did last year for the flood victims in Alabama, while the US Congress sent millions in aid to N. Korea for disaster relief.

 

People complain in Great Britain because the Queen gets a bad mood and decides to close down entire streets causing major traffic congestion. Why? Because she is insane.  The Queen of England has suspended the government of Canada at least twice!

 

Prince Charles gave an order to get rid of American Farmers in the Mid West to Obama last year and once again the US Army Corp found a way to blow up levees, creating major flooding and then Obama was invited to sip tea in England, while Americans were left homeless in the Mid West,  Why?  Because the British Royal Family clings to dark age mental games that appear to include a belief in humiliating people into knowing that she is the top bitch.

 

The Queen of England decides on which cities, will get her Para-military gun gangs and even who gets to be the Top Cop in major cities.  William Bratton, a man who had some issues but it would be dumb to say that he doesn't know how to do police work, happened to be the head cop when L. A. was getting early morning freeway shootings that only targeted blacks. 

 

No one ever disclosed what type of guns were used and when I heard William Brat ton suddenly start reading these speeches on "black and black" crime, which was a marketing point when they came up with the prisons and crack trade back in the 1980's, being that was a British operation along with the CIA (which the British controls)-I smelled that dirty Queen all over this man.  So, while I started raising questions about Bratton, the Queen surfaced and gave him honors for his willingness to put an innocent black man in jail for these  (because Ca. has not one dam drop of intelligent life. The LA Times had Western Hick all over it) shootings, even though the shootings kept on happening after he was arrested.  Where is William Bratton now? Well he is a top security consultant to Queen Elizabeth.

 

Former President Bill Clinton, after Obama was elected, put together a lobbying pr team, including Chris Mattews of MSNBC, because he wants Queen Elizabeth to make him President of the World!  Queen Elizabeth and Prince Charles RUNS THE SHOW!  Nothing to do in America, with illegal amnesty, fema camps, judges saying that a Wisconsin woman cant grow a tree in her yard and then the judge quits to go work at Monsanto "GMO Freak food" Corp, has anything to do with the Federal Reserve,  This is all the work of Queen Elizabeth and the sooner that Americans realize that this country doesn't really exist in the manner which your mind thinks that it exist, the sooner you can ease your way into reality.

 

Prince Charles wanted to really show the Americans for the idiots that they are and hatched a plan to have anyone who wants to work in Hollywood, or at least in the tv genre, declare loyalty to the Queen aka Jennifer Lopez, Adam Levine (Maroon 5) and even Julia Roberts, Tom Hanks, Gwneth Paltrow and Harvey Weinstein. The British TV Mess is pure propaganda, where you either have the silliest mess being aired on The History Channel or you see dumb and slow American Celebrity Judges sitting along side a British Alpha Male or Female.  The Brits are here and they mean business! They want Americans to bow.

 

• If you watch the films that Great Britain produces (they are horrible at film production) it will usually be something to do with a biological attack that makes people stupid, something to do with demonic worship or a film that has a Brit Alpha male that goes around beating up Americans.

 

Well, this is their second attempt to try and tame Hollywood because the first time that The Queen tried to control Hollywood, she sent Prince William, who simply had a habit of touching me with his uncircumcised cock-so needless to say, The Queen of England is also the Queen of the United States.

 

One of my friends came up from Australia two months back, flew into Alabama and drove out to Vegas before he got to L.A. and needless to say, he was telling me how awful life was in Australia because the Queen of England also rules that country and one day she got tired of people driving so if you got pulled over by a cop, your car was impounded for three months!  Of course I hit back with the fact that most of the "journalist" and Civil Rights Noisemakers for hire like Jessie Jackson, had to also get approved by the Queen before being offered employment with anything having to do with the media. And now Jessie Jackson is profiled in the fraud rag, Huffington Post. Why? Because he was the head nigger that help get blacks locked up in those CIA prisons and while these old niggers talk alot, they have nothing to really say. 

 

The British simply desire a world of old aristocracy and have gathered an army of the most retarded idiots to pander to this agenda.  From the age of 17, in a small rural La. town, she was able to even "handle" the situation of intelligence by removing productive people from jobs or slanting the media, while finding idiots and the lowest of the low animals, to prop up in positions around Hollywood, Government, Military, Media and even the President.

 

The junk that is masquerading as news on television sets is simply not reality.  Reality is sitting in La. and watching the Queen of England drink a cup of black baby blood and tweedle her thumbs during the BP Oil Spill, and being able to raise an army in less than a week, which surrounded my mother's home because as usual, the pesky little loud mouth guy was exposing the oil industry for the psychopaths that they are.  Next she removed Tony Hayward, after he went on a vacation in  the middle of the BP Oil Spill, smirked when ever anyone mentioned the deaths on the Deep Water Horizon and said that it wasn't his problem.  Next she replaced Hayward and sends in another Brit Oil Whore, who referred to Americans as "the little people."  So, eventually they allow their arrogance to get so out of control, that they end up hanging themselves.

 

Currently I have three unopened emails from Shell Oil in my inbox. What could this be? Well, either they are telling me about an oil spill before it happens, or saying something sarcastic about how they rule the world or maybe they just want to say Hi, but I do know that in my America, there has never been a need for the US Government.  The United States, like Canada, Great Britain and Australia has always been run by the British Royal Family. 

 

Even if I go back 20 years, I recall the British always having these para-military people all around La., all coked up and doing drills in the swamp.

If I look at my surroundings today, I can clearly see a number of British backed Al Queida groups in the Western U.S., being that the Brits created Al Queida, that are 100% on call, along with the government created Mexican Cartels-to simply pop up and wage a war.  At least, since my political memory(starts in the 70's), the Queen of England had to sign off on all of our presidents.

 

Through the rock solid determination of Queen Elizabeth to fight all of these ancient battles and being surrounded by idiots, who don't simply slap this woman back to reality, we still see this woman thinking that New Orleans is a French Controlled City, blacks are slaves to be shot or jailed, whites in the South and Mid West are secretly doing military formation drills to wage the American Revolution and of course the U.S. Government, many who are under direct control of the British Royal Family, has made bestiality legal!

 

We have "shovel ready" tech that can simply turn the entire desert into an organic food producing rain forest but the Queen of England along with the FDA and USDA appear to thinks it cute, to sell honey in stores that are really high fructose corn syrup(but labeled as honey), which causes cancer and weight gain. 

 

These people think that it is cute to spill oil and then engineer and splice insects with plants and call it corn.  They even think that it is ok to create and distribute HIV, when even I have the ability to inject the body with T-Cells, which would cure HIV in a few weeks. Ask the former HIV Positive B-Ball Player Magic Johnson.  He got HIV, then he went to work for the pharmaceutical industry to push toxic drugs in exchange for the cure, and this how Magic Johnson really makes his money.

 

 So, while I am for releasing the tech, which can simply power the entire world on water, the game between the Oil Industry and the fake opposition aka environmentalist continue to build fake "green" companies, that milk tax payers for billions only to never start up because the "green" movement is just another stunt to give  the animals something to be fooled by. 

 

We long had this technology, but last year when a guy from Bangladesh was going to power the entire country on water, the US and Great Britain threaten to assassinate him, then they started moving Pakistan into border area and finally he sold the tech and now this is under lock and key, per orders of the Queen.  So, we get more pipelines and oil drilling, which is itself a colonial tool by Britain, and in the case of BP Gulf Oil Spill, it has also been used as a means of biological attacks.

 

Just a few generations ago, the life span of an American was 90 and now today, it is actually dropping down to 65!  So many FDA hormones, created by drug companies are in the food that girls are starting to be born with tits and public hair, which is why High Fashion European Magazines now dress up 8 year old girls, like Anjie Jolie!

 

Europe now has tv shows, where contestants eat human flesh!

 

The British are only successful to the extent which they are in the U.S. simply due to the fact that they deliberately seek out the most retarded, genetically dumb, air headed and worse that America has to offer, then gives these mutants  jobs in the press, government, military and even Hollywood.

 

In the U.S. we actually said it was normal to have sex with goats!  Need I say more?

 

 

 

Media's Ignorance on the Civil War Continues. More American Cable Media "White-Washed" Lies on slavery & Lincoln!

American talking heads are victims of the most grotesque ignorance that I have witnessed when it comes to American history.  Dumb Americans.  ABE LINCOLN WAS NOT AN ABOLITIONIST!!

Americans are blissfully ignorant.  All they want to hear is that Lincoln walked on water, Northern states were the land of good living for blacks, slavery was created by Southern whites and all blacks were in chains being lashed.  That's their story and they are sticking to it! You simply can't argue with stupid, especially American Stupid because it is a stubborn peasant stupid.

Even without the Civil War slavery would have ended due to pressures from Europe and other supposedly civilized countries, stepping up attacks on slavery being an inhumane practice. Slavery was already being banned in the French, Portuguese, Dutch and Spanish colonies.  Racial slavery, was only found in the Northern slave colonies and after slavery-they kept the racial politics and spread this into the Southern U.S. to Southern whites.

 But, notice that every Euro country that wanted to end slavery, had already allowed the benefits of slavery to run its course, then after reaping the rewards of a slave society & growing very rich-then England decided to bitch about slavery.  France & Spain didn't have the philosophy that slaves (African or Natives of the Americans/Hispanics) were non-humans.  This dehumanizing was started by the Dutch (the inventors of European slavery) and the British.

African Americans, have allowed whites into making them think that Lincoln was Jesus and the Northern U.S. was the land of milk & honey!  They have allowed their dumb black kids to be brought up without the knowledge that it was a push, by Northern Whites, to come up with a race based society, where blacks would forever be at the bottom due to bitching by Northern Whites complaining that blacks in the Southern U.S. owned more than they owned. This was a factor in Lincoln stepping up attacks on the Southern colonies!

Lincoln was getting bitched out by Northern Whites, particular in New York and Boston, that those Niggers in the South had land, homes and in some cases, the poor Irish were being employed by people of color in La. because no other whites wanted to deal with them, including the so called Virginia Scott-Irish.

The main bitch from the Yankee politicians, wasn't about slavery but the fact that the South had too many upwardly mobile blacks & wealthy whites.  All of the historic black schools & colleges are located IN THE SOUTHERN U.S. Go find me a historic black school in New York built in the 1800's!  Good luck!

Just two years ago the city of New York was trying to tear down parts of the under ground rail road in Brooklyn to build condos!  The North is so desperate to add black heritage to their white ghetto cities, that CNN went so far, as to get a New York journalist, to run a special saying that Jazz was born in Harlem!  Harlem just got black people moving there around the 1920's.  New Orleans' Blacks and Creoles were playing jazz for hundreds of years, when Harlem was an all white area of Manhattan & the word "jazz" wasn't in the Yankee vocabulary!  Jazz didn't even really start "poppin" in New York until around the 1930's and it was never the dominant music of Harlem because the famous Cotton Club mimicked New Orleans blacks, as jungle bunnies who played music & denied blacks admission to the club.  So, the N.Y. music Harlem scene was an offensive take on New Orleans Jazz musicians because the Yankee whites & Jews (Remember Jews & Italians in the North East were trying very hard to be white people around this time but in the South, they still were considered to be "colored people" & I don't know if that has even changed in the South) thought that this was  entertainment!  Yet, CNN says that jazz was born in Harlem, N.Y.!

Most of the jazz musicians, were imported from the South. 1960's black writer, Langston Hughes, always has a character named "Creole" when writing about the N.Y. music scene.  Nothing original came out of Harlem, N.Y. because the black writers, like Zora Hurston, credited as being apart of the Harlem Renaissance, was from Florida!

James Carville, of New Orleans, is really on television talking about this Virginia Civil War Confederate hype, but never mentioning the role of the Democratic Party in the slave trade and that Democrats were the party that built an entire platform over preserving slavery. If your demanding honesty from the Gov. of Virginia then why not demand honesty about the Democratic Party?

MSNBC, has that  youtube Turkish immigrant from Los Angeles, named Cenk, who has a Youtube show-speaking out against Virginia and the Confederate Month!  This is the best that these people can get?? A Turkish immigrant, wants to tell me something about America?? Please! 

(This girl is from a Louisiana Creole family(mother side), with roots going back to the 1600's in the South (longer if we talk about the Choctaw side of her) and Cenk, a Turkish immigrant, who got here, from the Mosque, yesterday thinks that he should be able to tell Beyonce how she should act as a woman of color! )

This idiot, Cenk, has made comments about Beyonce supposedly thinking she is white (married to Jay-Z) because, according to his Youtube show, Beyonce doesn't fit the stereotypes that he has of blacks in America!  So, who the hell is MSNBC to drag this idiot (The Turk) across the t.v. and have a view about Virginia? 

• The U.S. Media seeks out dumb people. You only see uninformed crazy whites, talking about the South. We only see the disgruntled Arab talking about the Middle East or the trained black, picking up all of their knowledge from Essence Magazine!

There's certain people, that you will not see in the "lame stream" media & local media outlets because the network heads, have to try and maintain an "image" of having their know-nothing journalist appear smart, when in essence many of them are just mindless puppets.

CNN is the worse offender.  One minute they are bitching about Texas rednecks taking Thomas Jefferson out of history books, and being that Texas is the state which supplies other states with history books, it is very easy to see that changing and deleting history for politics, is a common practice in the U.S. ruling out any intelligent person from saying that Lincoln fought the Civil War because he was passionate about ending slavery and my argument is unchallengeable because I learned about it in an American history book!  That is like arguing a Supreme Court case with facts from Marvel Comics or worse yet...The N.Y. Times!

The American talking cable news heads, who just sound more and more ignorant, the more you watch these rotating click of cable news guest, are saying that being from California or Boston, they really had nothing to do with the Civil War but then goes on to talk about the South this and the South that!!??

One talking head, on cable news was discussing the Virginia Confederate month and saying that he didn't have to learn about the Civil War because he was from Boston and grew up in California state!  This is why media and people with platforms are so trivial and doesn't deal with facts.  The lack of knowledge and handle on any authentic American history has been lost.  This California guest goes on to talk about the Japanese Prison Camps in California.

O.K. lets get into California and the Civil War.  California was a state government divided, like many states.  States that were divided, under Abe Lincoln, were given a choice to have slavery or not.  Lincoln was not trying to deal with slavery.  The U.S. had about 10 other wedge issues, that were priorities to Lincoln and slavery was not one of them.  Slavery was being used as a political talking point, to inflame people to action, but both the Union and the Confederate couldn't care less about slavery.   This was strictly a battle over economic policy and taxation.  Rich, white Southern men didn't want to pay taxes (and they still dont! Under Bush over 90% of the wealthy elites paid NO INCOME TAX during Bush's second term) and felt that Lincoln was over taxing the South.

Chief Justice David Terry, a Democrat who was pushing for slavery in California and thought that he had a real good chance at getting Lincoln to make Ca. a slave state being that Lincoln was making other free states into slave states, had already started pushing for slavery out West, about two years before the Civil War even started. 

Under Abe Lincoln, California state could have also become a slave state being that Lincoln was making Kansas into a slave state because he needed labor for the expansions of railroads.

The first gun fights leading to the Civil War, were all coming out of California state because those idiots, were really fighting over slavery due to the propaganda that was coming from the Southern Plantation Owners! 

Keep in mind that the cities of Los Angeles and SanDiego were founded by BLACK PEOPLE! Blacks definitely shaped America & Blacks had more prosperity in the South (even more so than the newly arrived whites) than any other region in this country.  The stupidity of today's Southern whites is that they think that they built all of these cities and weren't the biggest welfare cases in America.

There were entire areas of North Carolina, South Carolina & Louisiana that were run by Free Blacks, with no slaves at all! Blacks didn't have anything in the Northern states but fighting resentment of the newly arrived Euro-trash.  What American text books leaves out about the Underground Railroad and Harriet Tubman, was the fact that she was taking blacks all the way into Canada.

 
The Slavery issue was like Bush/Cheney using gay marriage to drive voter turn out in 2004. They couldn't care less about gays and getting married, they were too busy lining their pockets through War Profiteering!  They were manipulating Americans but Lincoln had already cut deals to maintain slavery because some Western whites, were bitching that they didn't have slaves.  Painting him as abolitionist was a propaganda lie being told by wealthy Southern plantation owners, to inflame Southern and Northern whites against Lincoln but saying Lincoln was an abolitionist is like saying Obama is a citizen of Kenya,Africa......maybe from Indonesia but not Kenya!

Honesty, the South got so pissed off behind this Northern rule when they lost the Civil War, that it can be said, that slavery was ended by the South.  They freed the slaves and then in turn tried to lynch and kill them all!

Before the Civil War there was a plantation in Louisiana where all the African slaves were coming in from the Angola part of Africa, because the African heads were selling them to the whites.  After the Civil War, all Lincoln said was, "Hey shut down the plantation but put up a prison for the blacks instead!"  Today, that former plantation is now a prison called ANGOLA!  So, blacks shouldn't be fooled by neither side of this mess. Blacks look really dumb defending the North and Lincoln. They sound like a trained Yankee slave.(Angola,Africa. Why aren't Black leaders demanding reparations from Angola? Because Angola was selling their own people, left & right, to pass through the port city of New Orleans, Louisiana.  Every time a Free Black or Creole of Color walked by Congo Square-there was yet another shipment from the Congo or Angola! Even after Lincoln was in office, Northern states were STILL demanding & getting these Africans shipped up the Mississippi River to states like Missouri, which Lincoln NEVER demanded that they end slavery in that Northern state; along with many other Northern states! So, please Yankees & miseducated Negroes. Give me a break!)

This fact is staring us in the face when we read the 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, so I defy anyone to try and change that history because it is chiseled in stone!  All of these issues, that blacks could address and they want to focus on a flag??? (Black people-"Ohh we so scared of the Confederate Flag! What does it mean? White Southern people are flying it! Please Mr. Yankee Flag, we loves your flag! You Yanks been so good to us!")

California has more Corporate Built Prisons-for-Profit, than any other state!

After the Civil War in places like New York, the prisons were built in these poor, jobless ethnic white areas aka "The Niggers with White Skin" simply as a way for whites to have jobs.  So, this is what came after the Civil War also. Blacks moved up North only to be jailed, so that whites could have a job!

Even til this day, the North ships blacks and hispanics from urban areas to rural white areas & all the whites work at the prison in that town.  This practice has resulted in the severe under-funding of black schools and services for black areas and the over funding of white areas, being that black inmates are counted in the areas, which they are jailed.

Then to add insult to injury, after the Democratic Party was the party of the slave owners for hundreds of years, in the 1980's, it was the Democrats that came up with these long and crazy prison sentencing for blacks in urban areas!  So, lets keep it real!

Black Democrats gutted their own communities of black men and came up with the "nanny state."  Blacks can't keep being fooled by Democrats, for this dam long. I am not saying that Republicans are the path-I am saying that blacks need to hold these people accountable.

O.K. Democrats passed a Civil Rights Bill(many voted against it), which has destroyed the black professionals and black businesses but HEY...at least you get to sit on side of a white man on a bus!  Yeah, big ass win huh?

What happened to Creoles after the Civil War and under the new Yankee America?

 

There was no such thing as Reconstruction. Reconstruction meant, that now any free person of color or Creole, with any wealth, had to sell land to the government and leave the country or accept your role as a second class citizen BECAUSE THIS IS HOW THE NEW UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT POST-CIVIL WAR WANTED IT DONE!  This entire concept was the desire of Northern Whites.  The Irish, from the North, were particularly upset that they were the white Niggers but blacks, down South, had homes and property. The fun and festive French Quarter, that everyone likes, is there (full of whites) due to American racism and the fact that no one really intended on having a slave-less society, including  Lincoln, but now he had to step into the role that the South forced him into during a campaign of illusions.  The scare tactics used by the South against Abe Lincoln, have some how been taken as actual facts in the mind of Americans. 

Creoles of Color in New Orleans, were the ones who help put the Mexican Indians in power, when Europe was killing them all and America told Creoles, that we now had a system in America, where they couldn't own more than whites (a Yankee agenda)-we got passage to France, French Canada and Mexico.

Benito Juarez, fled Mexico because Europeans put a price on his head and he was protected by Creoles of Color in New Orleans.  He didn't even bother with all of the pockets of ignorant Mexican-Indians in Mexico, to hide, because they were colonized Indians, that sold each other out.  Juarez knew that his only hope was to make it into Creole dominated New Orleans,La.   Creoles of Color-educated this man and when he returned to Mexico, he went on to be President of that Country.  Yet, Creoles of Color are left out of the educating of Benito Juarez and the military training that he learned from Creoles when it came to fighting the French. 

The Mexican celebration of "Cinco de Mayo" should really be called "Cinq de Mai" being it was the New Orleans Creoles of Color that set up Mexicans for their Independence-and from looking at the dumb, silly, trivial & corrupt Mexicans of today, it was nothing but a waste of time.

Mexicans & Central Americans, in 2010, are over flowing into America & knocking every other minority(including American Latinos) and working class white person, back to the days of being peasants for the few elites.

If you knew and understood history, you couldn't in any sane mind support amnesty or illegal immigration because it is a corporate slave scam that was hatched out of corrupt greed.

The only reason why Native Americans have their reservations and territories in the Southern U.S., is from the negotiation and leadership of Southern blacks.  But now all of a sudden when the Federal Gov. started issuing checks to the tribes, the "Indians" want to pick up on the Jim Crow "One Drop Rule" and call the Native American/Black mixed tribesmen, "not real Native Americans!"

All the military leaders of the Native Americas, in the South-East, were the Free Blacks, but yet all we get are these Hollywood films on Geronimo. The Native Americans, of the South East, were weak then and they are weak and dumb now!  They should be thanking Southern blacks that they have their reservations.

How are those Native American Reservations working up in the Northern States? Oh.  I forget.  THERE ARE NONE! Keep in mind that the Native Americans built those "sky scrappers" in Manhattan and the Northern Whites didn't even make attempts to include Native Americans into the "melting pot."  When the Yankees talk about a "melting pot" they meant for ethnic whites only!

The state of Louisiana protected Creoles of Color as much as possible (mostly due to Creole women in New Orlean, paying off La. politicians through their wealth obtained from running "Bunny Ranches" for white men) and we went into the country sides with the Cajuns and became concentrated behind the Quarters in New Orleans.  The Post Civil War U.S. Government STILL was bitching about Creoles of Color being too much like "whites" and some Creoles migrated to other states but when Creoles went into Texas, the Mexican Indians protested the Catholic Church and said that Creoles must sit in the back of the church, so Creoles of Color once again had to settle parts of Houston, Texas. 

This is why Louisiana Creoles of Color & Southern Free Blacks(from all over the South) took up arms, willingly, against the North because we already knew what those Yankees were up to.  Slavery was on the way out around the world regardless.  Those Yankees kept coming into New Orleans and bitching that the South had too many people of color climbing up the social-economic ladder but the South needed the free blacks because they were savvy, paid taxes and could establish an independent area-along with the wealthy Whites in the South.

If you weren't white, under the NEW Post Civil War America, based on Yankee rules, you had to be a Nigger and that led to Jim Crow and lynching.  The South was poisoned by the Yankees and their racism!  This ensured the American Government total control by dividing people up by race instead of class.  The Protestants whites, then started miseducating the Africans, into thinking that it was not God like to be educated and therefore the Creoles were sinners in Nawlins.  This single doctrine by white Protestants has led to the ethnic divide between Creoles and Blacks in La. state but the Creole side never gets told.  All one hears about Creoles of Color, is that they never existed or that we just wanted to be "white folks."

The Southern Elites have always been masters at election propaganda. They painted Abe Lincoln as an abolitionist, without a shred of evidence and contrary to Lincoln's own pro-slave policies.  This was something that the South made up to unleash the poor American whites against Lincoln.  The Southerners were so good at lying that we are in the year 2010 and now their lies are taken as facts!

The 13th Amendment hardly abolishes slavery and the Emancipation Proclamation, was only a speech.  ALL LINCOLN WANTED WAS TO HAVE THE SOUTH CARRY THE ECONOMIC BURDENS OF THE NORTH AND TO BUILD MORE RAILROADS!

So, lets get the record straight.  Because if the talking heads on cable news really want to go there, I can take you there.  All the NEW United States did was close the plantations and build prisons, that way they still got cheap labor and the North was happy once more.

100 years from now, it may be in history books that people had a savage practice of locking wild animals up in cages at a zoo for their amusement.  But I doubt that God is going to keep us around for that long but of course the North will say, "oh we never had zoos and it was only a Southern practice!"

Amendment 13 - Slavery Abolished. Ratified 12/6/1865.

1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.

Info Sources:

U.S. Library of Congress

Debbie Allen's -Remembering Slavery Library of Congress Project

7th Ward New Orleans Creole, Architect, U.S. Marine & Historian- the late Gilbert Martin

Author, Expert on the New Orleans (FPC) and Anthropologist-Mary Gehman

Cal State Long Beach-History Dept.

Census Records

Gwendolyn Midlo Hall-La. Slave and Free people database from 1719-1820

Catholic Church Records

Constitution of the Good Ole United States of America

Zora Neale Hurston-interviews with former slaves, which the U.S. Library of Congress had sealed for almost 80 years.

My own life experience as a Creole of Color in modern day America

Abe Lincoln didn't want to end slavery through a Civil War. The Golden Age of Ethnic Whites is Ending!

(Abe Lincoln has been so "re-mixed" that he may as well be J-lo!)

Americans need to grow up and start knowing about their history.  We Creoles in Louisiana have been bringing about a revolution in education and history and while many whites & blacks want to stay mis-educated, we aren't having it!  The game is OVER for the U.S. and the silly lies need to end!

I don't know what it is but I really have an inability to bullshit with his-story, the way so many Americans do with American history.  I can't be anything but honest.

What was going on, directly before the Civil War?  Texas!

Every real American History PHD knows that Abe Lincoln's text book history is bullshit. Every text book in Europe teaches that the Civil War was driven by the North's jealousy of the Southern U.S. and really was not about the freeing of slaves.

• In the state of Louisiana it was always more socially acceptable for a wealthy white to invite a Creole of Color into their home over a poor white. I always wanted to know why that was and being that text books simply always left out the parts of history involving people of color, who thrived in a slave South, I knew at an early age that America lied about its history.

(Taken from FrenchCreoles.Com)

• My great, great, great grandmother is listed as a (FPC) or Free Person of Color, in 1800's New Orleans' Census Records.  She lived on Bourbon St. in the NOLA French Quarter and maintained 4 slaves or "house servants."  All of the men in my family are listed in the Confederate Army. 

• The French Quarter was nothing but a bunch of wood buildings (burned down twice due to fires) built by the French & their slaves in New Orleans.  It was the Creoles of Color that used the smelting methods to add those rails on the balconies, we added the heritage, we built the Creole cottages, we added the businesses and paid taxes, we added Gumbo & Jambalaya, we added the publications & Creole Schools.  It was the Creoles of Color that gave New Orleans its heritage and culture. Plantation white French Creole country was located in areas surrounding New Orleans.  Due to Creoles, the South had the very first cosmopolitan city in all of the colonies!  With the exception of a couple of cities in Virginia state, everything else in the South was rural wilderness.

• New Orleans really had no distinct races(France & Spain had a less brutal colonizing systems than England and really didn't embrace the British system saying if you had "one drop" of African blood you were diseased and less of a person).  The Southern U.S. had more of a class system, of white hierarchy, but after the Civil War, this newly formed U.S. Government of America started the racial politics, which the government lings to til this day. From 1895 to about 1905 every Creole contribution was being destroyed and shut down to make way for Anglo whites.  The United States (post civil war) threatened to leave New Orleans open to a foreign invasion if we didn't segregate the city and start with the "new" American (white/black) racial classifications.  It was the New Orleans Creole Madams and many white women, who were passing as Creoles for business reasons in the city, that yielded power & influence over the Mayors of NOLA and the Governors of La state to reject these new racist moves and they were very successful because we still have our heritage but many people were displaced and simply left the country.  In the 1930's the French Quarter became white dominated and a tourist attraction instead of a Creole epicenter of culture and heritage.  Even Louisiana Voodoo went underground and much of it has been lost to history and those that new know about it, aren't willing to humor a bunch of silly white people.

• After the Civil War, blacks who did own property and farms lost their businesses and the Southern whites, unable to lash out at the establishment, started lashing out at blacks during Jim Crow and the U.S. Government took full advantage of this turn of events, to keep everyone divided and expand its own power over the lives of Americans.

• Fewer than 10% of the people living in the South owned slaves and some of these slave owners were people of color, particularly in Louisiana and South Carolina. 

• There are many African Americans (they were not mixed raced but purely BLACK PEOPLE) listed in South Carolina as being the owners of slave plantations.

• The northern states and North-South "border" states had just as many slaves during the time of the Civil War & Lincoln didn't have a problem with it! And even suggested that many states, in the Union, could keep their slaves and non-slave states could decide on if they wanted to start up slave industries or not!  Abe Lincoln was taking non-slave states and allowing them to become slave states under his Presidency!

• I have always taken American History Text Books and documentaries with a grand of salt, and always insisted that my college History Professors give me special lessons in the REAL history instead of teaching me from these stupid books. I have always sought out Europeans and what they know about the Civil War and Europeans have always said that the U.S. and countries like Germany, lie to make themselves look better than what they really are and were at the times during slavery, the Revolution and the Civil War.

• It was always the Northern Whites from Boston and New York, that were coming into New Orleans during the 1800's and bringing in racism and racist thoughts.  It wasn't the Southern whites.

• There were way more Northern Whites that hated Lincoln, and ran down South to fight for the Confederate Army than vice versa. The Union Northern Whites couldn't care less about ending slavery! They did not want the blacks to take what few jobs they held in the North.

• It was the Northern whites who came up with this entire jurisprudence of diseased and immoral blacks in the early 1900's and whites in the South just started grasping onto it, when any other time, in the South, there was a "live and let live" attitude in the South.

• If you came over as a free person of color from the Caribbean, like many Creoles in 1700's & 1800's New Orleans with white French Creoles, after slaves revolted in that part of the world, you were not put into chains but instead the New Orleans French Quarter was dominated by people of color who owned businesses, publication houses and property.

• The poor Irish-Catholics were viewed as the lowest of the low by WASP and this came from England's views of the Irish.  Even the sell out, Scotch-Irish (who were really nothing but Irish kiss asses to the British) did everything in their power to distance themselves from the Irish Catholics in America.

• Women of Color could only own businesses in the South.  If you investigate where women of color owned businesses and had wealth, it was Louisiana state(but we were French leaning and not British ruled)!  The North didn't allow women to own anything let alone women of color!   The very first black female owned businesses was in early 1800's Louisiana state, which included coffee houses and beauty parlors.

• Many poor whites, in America during the 1800's, were protein deficient because they often went years without having ONE meal, that contained meat.

• African Americans & Creoles of Color fought in the Confederate Army, and it wasn't because they were forced but blacks and Creoles cut deals with the South, which even whites were unable to negotiate.  Many blacks in South Carolina and Creoles in La. had way more to loose by Northern aggressions than the whites in the South.

• When the Southern Generals came into New Orleans and begged Creoles to fight in the Confederate Army and they went into South Carolina/North Carolina for the Free Blacks, it was under the condition that Creoles and Free Blacks, keep their businesses, property, plantations(if they had them) and be left the hell alone by the Government.  The South has always honored this, when it came to Creoles in La. state and Free Blacks in South Carolina, leading up to that point, so no one had any reason to think that the South would now change this practice.  But we will never know because the South lost and everything changed for the better or worse, depending on who you were and who your family was during that time.

• Creoles of Color, who many want to lump with African Americans, have drastically different history and lives, especially in the 1800's.  It is simply far fetched and inaccurate to try and make Louisiana Creoles into black folks because they had nothing in common and no shared objectives.

• Part of America's racial systems, is having a shared heritage and trying to fabricate that Creoles of Color were black folks, is a joke of epic proportions.

• I used to think that you only had white & blacks in America and the history was all clear and neat but after I became an educated man, I was like OMG!  This shit is all over the place and I have been mis-educated by schools and text books, on my own history!  It is so freeing to not be trapped in American ignorance and not being a "dumb American" any longer!

I am simply floored at the ignorance of black Americans regarding this white man, Abe Lincoln!  I understand why white people wanna lie about this mess but I am at a loss for words on why blacks are so dam ignorant of history!

What white washed history books are blacks reading?  First, my ancestors of color are listed in the Confederate Army and many blacks have ancestors who fought for the Confederacy.  All blacks were not slaves in the South and all slave owners were not whites.  Some people of color, even had whites working for them in the South-particularly the Irish servants.

(Poor whites should think twice before raising the Confederate Flag because the South did nothing for you except use you as pawns in their game to maintain the wealth of a few rich plantation owners.  Poor whites, in the South, were nothing but Niggers with white skin!  The Southern elite barely liked poor white people, because they were drunks, didn't have any tax generating businesses like Creoles of Color and Free Blacks, and they were not educated!  They were useless to the South, except as tokens.)

In the South, the philosophy was "You need to work, labor or own something and pull your own weight because we aint helping you with shit!"  The Southern U.S. still has this philosophy and attitude. 

There were avenues for blacks to own plantations, complete with crops and slaves but poor Whites just didn't want to do shit and as a result, they simply were considered a waste of time & space.

Free blacks and Creoles of Color, who had tax generating businesses and crops, couldn't vote but neither could poor whites! The free blacks and Creoles of Color had food, wealth & money!  We didn't care about voting!  There was always a radical Creole in the French Quarter of New Orleans bitching about it around the dinner table but for the most part....who cared about voting?  It was going to be a rich white man in office, either way you put it. 

Even the Hillbillies in West Virginia, Tennessee and North Carolina were more of use than this large bunch of poor whites, that simply did nothing in the South but "be white."  The Hillbillies at least cleared land of Native Americans, incorporated their areas and sold moon shine.  In the South you had to be of use and this is the reason why many people of color were further up on the social ladder & had more property than the poor whites.  Many poor whites were not of use to the South until it came time for wealthy whites, to rally them behind their financial objectives in the Civil War.

(The Wealthy Englishmen put their Irish "slaves" in these Irish slave shacks!)

It has only been in recent American history, that you can see an Italian, Jew or Irish in the upper thrones of American power.  For the bulk of American history, one had to be a WASP with an Old English name to belong to country clubs and hold political office or sit as judges.  The last century was as much about civil rights for non-WASP whites as it was for blacks.  But too many times, these same Irish Catholics, Jews and Italians are mimicking the same propaganda that once was used on them, when they were the "American Niggers!"

(Nigger with white skin! Just dumb as nails!)

(Nigger with white skin. Just dumb as nails!)

Just a short while ago, in America, it was unheard of to have a Jew running their mouths in the Senate, Italians sitting up in Congress, an Irish Catholic on t.v. or President of the U.S.!  These ethnic whites appear to forget their station in life just a short while ago and they didn't rise based on hard work (except the Jews) but because the system was tilted in their favor based on their race.  So, they can keep lying to themselves about how things went down but people need to know the truth.

 


Whites didn't work harder than any other ethnic group in this country including Blacks.  They didn't have to buy land, but instead they were given land, especially Native American land in the Mid-West & Western states, now what they did with it was up to them but evidently they didn't do much considering all of the whining that these people were doing after the Civil War.  The whites in the Mid-West kept angling the U.S. Government to artificially inflate the price of their crops, which triggered the wheat bust. Whites, in the Mid-West wanted to now be catered to in the U.S. and they still have this entitlement attitude!  Notice how all of America, is now supposed to catered to "the heartland" whites, even though this part of the country, hardly helped to shape and carve out present day America.

The North destroyed all traces of Native American life, history and heritage. For the most part, the Southern U.S. honored and maintained the large reservations.  Even the Western states, only use the Native American tribes as a way for some white men to own casinos.

The North and the West, continually use religious items of the Native American people, as toys, sports merchandise and novelty items.

Poor working class whites that call Obama a Nigger, forget that they were also Niggers & had it not been for the North winning the Civil War & redistributing the wealth of Free Blacks and Creoles of Color-they still wouldn't have anything!

White women appear to forget that all of these modern day Affirmative Action programs mostly benefited them and their lives.  White women now have everything paved in gold for them, and they still play the victim card!  Look at Hillary Clinton during the Presidential campaign of 2008! What shred of evidence does Hillary Clinton have, to make claims that America doesn't work for her and she is kept down by sexism?  It was insulting to many minorities.

But like with life; all things come to an end and white numbers are dwindling and this is everything to do with the corporations wanting a more passive, cheap work force and that is found in the Hispanics.  They are dumb, child-like, for the most part, uneducated and cheap labor aka "slaves."  America will never let go of slavery and will always find a way to have them.

Corporations are the new slave massas.  Slavery has just gone high-tech but it never went away.

America, even had those two midget Chinese Circus freaks(Virginia 1800's), with a plantation and owning black slaves.  They also had white wives.  Many Creoles of color(New Orleans area) and black slave owners in South Carolina, also had Native America, white and mixed wives.  One of the largest breeding ground of slaves, in the current Washington D.C. area, was a black owned business!

So, don't think that the Asians were not all up in America, without slaves and plantations. The Chinese were also in this country during slave days, owning African slaves and probably Irish servants also!  Do not think think that ALL Chinese people are newly exotic immigrants because they show up in Southern Slave Plantation Ownership Census records also!

Slavery in America is not as Black & White as many people would like to think.

The concentration of all black ownership, land and wealth is still located in the Southern U.S.  Even the Nation of Islam admits this to be fact.  Black Islamic Nationalist, Louis Farrakhan's main objective is to bring Southern Blacks into his Chicago organization because he knows this is the only way that he can get wealth and an endless stream of property being that blacks in the Northern U.S. have absolutely nothing to offer, in way of assets!

Whites in the North have NEVER stopped their racism.  Now those Yankee bastards want slavery via illegal alien amnesty because they have never gotten over their blood lust for cheap labor.  The North was jealous then and they are jealous now and think that their shit doesn't stink!  Well it does stink!

The racial mess and dwindling black power in New Orleans was mostly though the efforts of these Yankee publications, like the racist NY Times!  I mean, lets keep it real!

Many free blacks in the South and Louisiana had slaveless plantations (Creole area of Cane River Natchitoches Parish, in northwestern Louisiana). The South had blacks that thrived while blacks in the North were experiencing so much of racism, that they used the Underground Railroad to go all the way into Canada but many blacks think that the North meant freedom.  Living in the North meant that you could not own a business or feed your family.

Abe Lincoln was not as anti-slavery as some may think.  If you look at all of his proposals, many of Abe's own maps left room for slavery.  Abe Lincoln didn't care as much about ending slavery as we may like to believe and that is not why the Civil War was fought.  Economic jealously and tax revenues was at the heart of the Civil War struggle between the North and the South.  Everyone else in the world knows this is the real story, everyone BUT Americans.  Because Americans play around with text books, until they barely have any truth left to them, as we see with what happened in Texas last month, when they reprinted up history books to remove Thomas Jefferson!

 
The U.S. was fighting over Texas.  It was a mistrust between the rich Southerners and rich Northerners.  The North thought that the South was taking Texas and going to generate all of these slave depended industries and not pay taxes.  Now even though Texas is a desert and you can't  really grow crops and have cotton plantations, the North still thought this.

The South thought that the North was trying to make a "land grab" and come down South to steal all of this land and Texas was caught in the middle.  When Spain gave all of that land to the Americans (Texas) they had one requirement, and that was to not have slavery in Texas.  While slaves were still found in Texas, there was really no need for slaves because nothing could be grown in Texas.  The slaves were more of servants and Texas was the state that saw slavery going on all the way into 1905! (This can be verified through slave documents from the U.S. Library of Congress)

Abe Lincoln didn't abolish slavery in the Constitution.  I suggest Americans go back and take a real good look and see the wiggle room that is left for a slave industry in America and the Constitution.  Go back and read the 13th Amendment VERY CAREFULLY!

 

Abe Lincoln did not try to stop Kansas from having slaves but he started these proposals saying that it could be decided by the state of Kansas and he did the same thing with Missouri!  He also was keeping slavery in other Union states like Maryland and Delaware!

To build this Mid-Continental Railroad, Abe Lincoln, was going to honor the Kansas-Nebraska Act and allow slavery all over America!  This man is hardly an abolitionist.  While he said one thing from one side of his mouth, his policies said something completely different!

Abe Lincoln wanted a rail road system so badly, he was going to make non-slave states into slave states, so that the African slaves could build and expand it out West!

All Abe Lincoln really wanted to ensure was that the South kept the cash flow going into the Union; so that he could expand and keep the Northern states afloat. Abe Lincoln has been re-mixed and re-mastered like a George Lucas film, by American historians and text books!

Abe Lincoln resisted the abolitionist, who were all Southerners that were working from up North, and even after caving in, some what, to slave abolitionist, this man STILL came up with a stupid proposal that would have allowed a ring of slavery near the Mason-Dixie line in the U.S.!  Abe Lincoln was confused and stupid.

The Emancipation Proclamation was nothing but a statement! It was a silly executive order, like what President Obama gave Congressman Bart Stupak banning Federal Money from covering abortions in the infamous Health Care Bill of 2010.

The Emancipation Proclamation was Lincoln getting "flip" with the South and threatening to end slavery if the Southern states didn't return back & join the Union.  Lincoln really was more worried about money and the ending of slavery was a "fake out" chess move.

The Southern plantations, didn't want to yield their power to the Union and so it was the few Southern elites, that started propaganda about Abe wanting to end slavery, to the far reaching extent that the Southern elites claimed about Abe, but this wasn't the case and nothing but a Democrat "scare tactic" on the peasants. 

It was the 2% of Southern elites who played with the mind of poor whites and said that Lincoln wanted them to be slaves-which is how you started getting these richer whites, leading these poor whites and this trend goes on til this day in America but in reality the rich whites had no use for the poor whites in America except to reach economics & political ends.

America has NEVER had a Golden Age for poor whites except in the last century.  This country has always been run by the rich whites and many rich people of color, in the case of La. Creoles were just beneath the rich whites.  The poor Southern and Northern whites were always at the bottom of the food chain in this country.

The only way that poor whites, even moved into the Middle Class were through these "labor unions" which now the rich Republican whites have tricked them, AGAIN, into thinking that unions are bad.  So, poor whites went from being tokens of Democrats during the Civil War to tokens of Republicans today! Poor whites have always been used as pawns in this country.

If you are not a rich white, the last thing you want to do is be living back in the 1800's.  Many whites didn't even eat.  I mean, slaves ate better than whites in the U.S.

Abe Lincoln, trying to stop this attack as being labeled as an abolitionist, started drawing up these maps and compromising and every compromise of Abe Lincoln involved SLAVERY as a way of life in America!

Even after slavery was supposedly abolished at the end of the Civil War, it really was not. Abe Lincoln and others in power, didn't enforce this.  America still had slaves going into the 1900's in some parts of this country.  Many white Northerners moved to the South, not because they had slaves but for the simple fact the Southern rich whites, were so spectacular at propaganda, that they taught Abe Lincoln was trying to crush the poor whites, who were treated worse than African slaves in this country.

Abe Lincoln, did everything in his power to prove that he just needed the South because the North had no industry and he wasn't trying to end slavery but yet he still gets dressed up as an abolitionist.  Americans have the worse handle on history that I have ever seen.  It is sad, to see both sides fighting with wrong facts over this Virginia Confederacy Month.

Til this day, living in New York was one of the most racist experiences of my adult life.  I am 100% Pro-SOUTH! 

I am sorry that Abe Lincoln and America was so unfair to so many blacks and poor whites but that's just history. Sorry.

Amendment 13 - Slavery Abolished. Ratified 12/6/1865.

1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction.

 

 By Ted DuPlessis

Cajun or Creole? Cadien ou Creole? The New Louisiana Renaissance of Cultural Education. by Christophe Landry

 

ENGLISH VERSION


Primer on Francophone Louisiana: It’s More Than Cajun.
By Christophe Landry
 



Since the 1960s, Louisiana has experienced an explosive cultural renaissance driven almost entirely by efforts to preserve and promote the usage of Louisiana French.

Wait a second: you mean, French is still spoken in Louisiana today? Cajun French (CF), right? No, Louisiana French (LF). What’s that? If one had to believe the innumerable magazine articles, tourist guides, and official (and non-official) websites, the history of Francophone (French-speaking) Louisiana began with the Deportation of the Acadians by the British from their homeland in Nova Scotia around 1753, known today as Cajuns*. The reality of French spoken in Louisiana is far more complex than the three thousand Acadians who settled in Louisiana. In short, it’s more than Cajun.

Founded in 1699 by the French, the colony of Louisiana included the mouth of the Mississippi River and as far north as the border with New France in Canada. An immense territory, the populations grouped most numerously in the extreme south where the Mississippi River meets the Gulf of Mexico. However there were numerous additional communities north of the Mississippi delta, including Little Rock (Petit-Rocher), Arkansas; Ste Geneviève, Illinois and St. Louis, Missouri.

This colonial population apparently experienced long, arduous years during those embryonic years of the colony. From civil strife over land, politics and resources with Amerindians, to pandemics crippling the survival of the colony, to blistering heat, killer mosquitoes and to the encroaching of European colonial “enemies” like the British. Louisiana, in effect, became the place to avoid by most Europeans.

Despite these uncertainties, a multitude of francophone ethnic groups were lured to Louisiana, most notably to embark on agricultural endeavors. The Spanish government (1763-1800) was the most successful at offering sizeable land grants, tax breaks and commissions to those willing to develop land west and south of New Orleans and along the Mississippi River.

One of the primary goals of the Spaniards was to hispanicize the Gallic and Creole population. They were nonetheless only successful at settling francophones from Québec, Switzerland, Wallonia (Belgium), the Caribbean, Senegambians** and French from Alsace; Lorraine, Aquitaine, Normandy, Picardy, Savoie and Brittany. Many arrived against their free will in indentured servant programs and as slaves.

Within seventy years—that's only three-to-four generations—the colony became home to a melting pot of francophone cultures, each with their particular variants of what we call today the French language. These francophone inhabitants are the Creoles***.

Between 1764 and 1788, three thousand Acadian refugees knocked at the doors of the Spanish government in New Orleans, pleading for asylum. Knowing that there was a need for development of the southern region of the colony, south and west of New Orleans, and that the Acadians were expert planters and levée engineers, and that the success on the colony depended unequivocally on the development of South Louisiana, asylum was granted. The Acadians were sent to settle along the bayous, swamps and marshlands of the southern region, where they became neighbors of Creoles who had been established in those parts for some time.

Evidence in extent records as well as in oral tradition in South Louisiana suggest that the Acadian welcome to the military districts of South Colonial Louisiana was far from jovial. Numerous transactions in civil records point toward multiple disputes over property between Acadians, Creoles and Amerindians. The land that was granted to the Acadians was moreover situated in less fertile and undeveloped regions, where Creoles had no economic or cultural interest. However, the cultural knowledge that Acadians, Creoles and Amerindians shared individually were crucial in the survival and develop of the region. Cross-cultural collaboration became paramount. It is from that cross-cultural interaction that the tasty cuisine from South Louisiana derives.

That contact between Acadians, Creoles, Amerindians, African and Afro-Creole slaves, Spaniards, British, Irish, Germans, Caribbean, Italians, among others, forged the roux, or the basis for a new hybrid sub-culture in South Louisiana. For purposes of marketing and commerce, that culture has been generalized and translated in post-Segregation Louisiana as Cajun culture****.

 



Between 1800 and 2010, Francophones have not ceased to settle in South Louisiana. Refugees from Saint-Domingue (today, Haiti), Napoleonic war refugees, victims of the ethnic wars in Syria and Lebanon, refugees from French Indochina following the Vietnam War, War brides from World Wars One and Two have all reinforced and seasoned Francophone Louisiana.

Finally we add teachers arriving from all nicks and crannies of the French-speaking world teaching in Louisiana's French-language public schools (also known as French Immersion Schools), the products (students) of those French-language curricula across the state, and Francophones coming to work in Louisiana’s industries; and, we've the Holy Trinity, principle ingredients for our world-famous (cultural and culinary) gumbo. Makes it too tasty to pass up!


Louisiana: it is the cradle of a Francophone melting pot. It’s more than Cajun.

ENDNOTES

*Cajuns (noun) are one of two main Latin-based ethnic groups in South Louisiana. Latin here operates differently than Latino. Latin applies to all cultures whose languages derive either completely or entirely from Latin. Latino refers specifically to Hispanic-American populations. French is the primary language of Cajuns, however some Cajun do speak Louisiana Creole. The assumption is that Cajuns descend from Acadians because of the linguistic correlation between Cajun and Acadian (Cajun being an Anglicization of Cadien, itself a modified pronunciation of Acadien). This is a major misconception and flawed analysis. There are many Cajuns who have no Acadian ancestry at all. There are others who can count the Acadians ancestors on one hand. While still other may be able to trace virtually all ancestry back to Acadia. Additionally, there has been a growing tendency, in post-segregation and re-racialization America, to assign skin color and phenotype to Cajuns. The question then becomes, are Cajuns “white” or are they “black” or are they both.

  

 

This is partially a result of those locals active in the Cajunization movement of the 1970s under James Domengeaux, CODOFIL’s founder (virtually all participants were “white”). Domengeaux and his followers fought with the Louisiana legislature to pass laws ensuring the protection of the French language and “Cajun” culture, while “others” in South Louisiana were busying themselves fighting for integrated schools, busing and zoning issues with school boards and obtaining solid jobs. So visibly, Cajuns seemed to “look” a certain way, and it has been erroneously translated locally this way. Like all cultures, Louisiana's cultures have no boundaries. They are porous, and anyone moving in, marrying in and adopting the ways of the region, can become Cajun, as is common today.

**From an old French governmental circumscription in West Africa. Senegambia, nowadays the nations of Senegal, The Gambia and parts of Mali, was the principle point of origin and departure for a large majority of slaves arriving in Colonial Louisiana directly from Africa.

***Creoles, like their cousins, the Cajuns, are a Latin ethnic group in South Louisiana. Creoles descend from the original inhabitants of old world parentage born in Louisiana. Creoles speak both French and Louisiana Creole. Creole culture in Louisiana has been compounded by successive waves of Caribbean (hispanic, francophone and creolophone), Canary Islanders, West Africans, and French. This local population poised itself as a force to be reckoned with, and took on Spaniards and Americans, with hostile force, when Louisiana changed hands. Following the official entry into statehood of Louisiana in 1812, Anglo-Americans strived to collapse the local Latin cultural head. Language was one objective. Racialization, was another. Creoles then, like (non Mexican) Hispanics in the U.S. now, were non-racialized thinking beings. They viewed themselves and others based on culture and or nationality, most importantly.

 

That fight led to involvement in migrations of entire Creole communities from Louisiana to Mexico(Vera Cruz) Puerto Rico, the Dominican Republic, Cuba and Brazil leading to the Civil War. And in Reconstruction America, following the Civil War, Louisiana Creoles were among the first to arrive in Washington D.C. demanding. They succeeded, in passing the most radical state constitution in American history in 1868 that offered citizenship, suffrage, universal education and complete integration. When the government changed, and rights were stripped, Homère Adolphe Plessy, a Louisiana Creole from New Orleans and close confidents were the first to test the Constitutionality of Separate but Equal public transportation in 1891-92. In the end, at least in the face of law, Creoles lost to Racialization. And suddenly their worlds became a White and Black one. It is therefore difficult to not racialize Creoles, as many have inadvertently internalized the very oppression they and their ancestors fought to escape. Creole cultural still has survived locally, though. And regardless, it was difficult for Anglo-Saxon racialists to racialize Creoles then, and it still is today.


****Following the state legislation for the creation of the Council for the Development of French in Louisiana by legislator James Domengeaux, a statewide effort took place to popularize Cajuns (up until that point considered poor francophones from the south and southwest region of Louisiana), Cajun French and Cajun culture. But one had to define Cajun first, and secondly Cajun culture. That redefining of Cajun identity is what led to the official regional name Acadiana (from Acadia and Louisiana combined) to describe the twenty-two parishes of South Louisiana where latin culture is most prevalent. And so it had been decided that naturally, its inhabitants would be considered Cajun also. But there was a scheme behind it: how best to attract money to the region, if people think of Cajuns as “poor” and “uneducated?” Food, festivals and topography made South Louisiana a shoe-in as proponents for vibrant and promising economic growth. Spicy food and good-looking Cajuns is what lured and continues to lure visitors to South Louisiana until this day.

In this note: Janet Oliver Rochon, Sidney Eugene Savoie II, Christopher Porche West (notes), Nathalie Dajko (notes), Katie Carmichael (notes), Justin Chelette, Jan Boney, Danielle Dubrule, Laura Jewett, Mary Gehman, Denise Davis Tauriac, Leslie Davis, Monica Lognion, Frederic Birota, Christian Hommel, Olivier Xmarteaux, Elliot Whodat LeNormand, Jean-Douglas Comeau, Shamona M. Honore', Ryan Gremillion (notes

 

 

 
 


Aperçu de la Louisiane francophone : beaucoup plus que Cadien.
Par Christophe Landry

Depuis les années soixante, la Louisiane a été en pleine renaissance culturelle, véhiculée notamment par les efforts de préserver et de promouvoir l’usage du français en Louisiane.

Attendez, mais on y parle toujours français? Le cadien, ça doit être ça, non? En fait, non. C’est le français louisianais. Et s’il fallait croire ce que l’on lit dans les magazines, gazettes, sites internet (officiels et non-officiels), l’histoire de la Louisiane francophone débute vers 1753 lorsque les Brittaniques ont expulsé les Acadiens de leur foyer dans la province maritime canadienne actuelle de La Nouvelle-Écosse. Les « descendants » de ces Acadiens refugiés en Louisiane, c’est les Cadiens*. Mais, les origines linguistiques des francophones de Louisiane ne se limitent pas aux trois mille Acadiens venus s’installer en Louisiane. C’est beaucoup plus que Cadien.

La colonie de Louisiane fut fondée en 1699 par la France. Elle s’étendait de l’embouchure du fleuve Méchasébé (Mississippi) dans l’extrême sud de la colonie jusqu’à la frontière de la Nouvelle-France (aujourd’hui, le Québec). Dans ce gigantesque territoire, la majorité des colons et leurs esclaves se concentraient là où le Méchasébé se jète dans le Golfe du Mexique. On y compte également de petites communautés, éparpillées dans le centre et le nord, comme aux Natchitoches, aux Arcs (Arkansas) à Petit-Rocher (Little Rock), au fort militaire Sainte-Geneviève-des-Illinois et à Saint-Louis aux Missouris (Missouri).


Pendant les premières années de la jeune colonie, les populations louisianaises ont apparement vécu de longues années précaires. Les disputes sur la terre et la politique avec les Amérindiens semblaient une affaire de tous les jours. Les maladies portées et transmises par les maringouins-assassins** et certains Européens menaçaient des populations entières de la colonies. De plus, la chaleur y était étouffante, et les « ennemis », ou grandes puissances colonials de l’Europe, comme les Brittaniques s’approchaient de plus en plus. Cela a fait de la Louisiane coloniale un endroit à éviter à tout prix.

Malgré ces conditions, le gouvernement espagnol (1763-1800) a réussi à attiré une multitude de francophones en Louisiane, grace à ces offres d’immenses concessions de terre situées dans les districts militaires au sud et à l’ouest de La Nouvelle-Orléans et de légères taxes sur le terrain, et commissions pour les nouveaux arrivants. Ces districts sont devenus des lieux de grands projets agricoles, de développement de la terre et d’élevages d’animaux.

Un des objectifs principal de l’administration espagnole en Louisiane espagnole, c’était d’hispaniser la population créole et française, c’est-à-dire rendre la colonie plus hispanique culturellement et linguistiquement. Ils n’ont réussi qu’à fonder deux populations hispanophones permanentes***. Le reste des immigrants parlaient français, et sont venus de la Belgique, de la Suisse, du Québec, des Caraïbes, de la Sénégambie**** et de différentes regions de la France, notamment de la Bretagne, de l’Aquitaine, de Normandie, de Picardie, de Paris et de la Haute-Savoie. Beaucoup sont partis en Louisiane contre leur gré, participant dans des programmes d’asile d’ex-criminels de l’Europe ou sont venus comme esclaves de l’Afrique ou ailleurs.

Au bout de soixante-dix ans — cela fait moins de quatre generations de Louisianais — la colonie de Louisiane est devenue un creuset de cultures francophones, chacun parlant sa variété de ce que l’on appelle aujourd’hui la langue française. Ces francophones sont devenus les Créoles louisianais.

Entre 1764 et 1788, trois mille refugiés de l’Acadie ont frappé à la porte du Cabildo (le Centre de l’Administration coloniale espagnole) au milieu de la nuit. Ils demandaient l’asile. Sachant que les Acadiens étaient d’excellents planteurs et de constructeurs de levée de terre (digues), et que la colonie avait besoin de renforcer la populations dans les districts militaires en dehors de La Nouvelle-Orléans, et que le succès de la colonie dépendait du développement de ces districts, l’asile fut accordé. Le gouvernement colonial offrirait de la terre aux fins fond des districts, dans les marais et marécages, côtoyant la propriété de vieux habitants des districts. Leurs nouveaux voisins, les Créoles*****.

D’après les registres coloniaux du Sud de la Louisiane, et la tradition orale, l’accueil aux Acadiens n’a guère été chaleureux. De nombreuses transactions dans les archives coloniales démontrent d’innombrables disputes de propriété et de biens personels entre les Acadiens, les Créoles et les Amériendiens. Le pire, c’est que la terre offerte aux Acadiens par le gouvernement se trouvaient dans les régions les moins fertiles des districts, là où les Créoles n’avaient aucun intérêt à développer et à vivre. Le partage et l'échange culturels entre les Acadiens et les locaux (Créoles, Amérindiens) ont joué un rôle crucial dans le développement de la région, d’une importance capitale pour tous.

Le choc du contact entre les Acadiens, Créoles, Amérindiens, Africains, Afro-Créoles (esclaves et libre), Espagnols, Brittaniques, Irelandais, Allemands, Caribéens, Italiens, entre autres, a donné naissance à une nouvelle culture hybride dans le Sud de la Louisiane. Aujourd’hui, suite à la renaissance linguistique du français en Louisiane dans les années 1970, afin de commercialiser l’économie locale (tourisme, p.e.), on appelle cette culture mélangée, la culture cadienne******.

Entre 1800 et 2010, les francophones n’ont pas cessé d’aller s’installer dans le Sud de la Louisiane. Les refugiés de Saint-Domingue (aujourd’hui, Haïti), les soldats de Napoléon sont venus s’installer en Louisiane du sud au début du dix-neuvième siècle. Ensuite c’était les victimes des guerres ethniques en Syrie et au Liban vers la fin du dix-neuvième siècle. Après la Première et Deuxième Guerres Mondiales les soldats-interprètes francophones de Louisiane ont ramené leurs épouses françaises et belges en Louisiane du Sud. Puis à partir des années 1970, les refugiés de l’Indochine française après la guerre de Viêt-Nam, tous rajoutant leurs particularités au français louisianais.

Mais il ne faut pas oublier les centaines d’enseignants venus des quatre coins de la Francophonie pour enseigner dans les écoles publiques de langue française (on les appelle aussi les écoles de l’immersion en français), les fruits de leurs efforts - les élèves et étudiants louisianais, ainsi que les francophones s’installant en Louisiane pour travailler dans les industries louisianaises. Avec tout cela, nous avons la Sainte-Trinité, les principaux ingrédients pour preparer le célèbre gombo culturel et culinaire de la Louisiane. Franchement, une affaire qui est beaucoup bonne!

La Louisiane : le berceau d’un mélange de cultures francophones. Beaucoup plus que Cadien.


*Le/la/les Cadien(ne)(s) est l'un des deux ethnies principales de type latin dans le sud de la Louisiane. Ici il faut préciser que latin ne veut pas dire latino, Latin s'applique à toutes les cultures dont la langue principale se dérive du latin. Quant à Latino, c'est une expression faisant référence exclusively aux hispanophones en Amérique. La langue principale des Cadiens, c'est le français. Par contre il y a bien des Cadiens qui parlent aussi le créole louisianais. Non forcément parce que l'on leur a appris le créole, mais parce que eux-mêmes, ils sont créolophones et non francophones.

On suppose aussi que les Cadiens descendent des Acadiens vue le rapport linguistique entre Cadien et Acadien (le A de l'Acadien a été tombé en Louisiane pour donner Cadien). Fausse idée et analyse défectueuse! Certains Cadiens peuvent retracer leurs origines directement en Acadie, d'autres pas du tout.

Ambiguïté. Il y a une tendence culturelle de vouloir racialiser le Cadien. Est-il « de couleur blanche ou noire »? Ni l'un, ni l'autre? La tendence s'ancre dans le mouvement cadien lui-même. Lorsque le député James Domengeaux a fondé le Conseil pour le Développement du français en Louisiane dans les années soixante-dix, pratiquement tous ces sympathisants étaient légalement « blancs ». Le reste des habitants de la région baptisée Acadiane (de Louisiane et Acadie en un seul mot) s'inquiétaient plus pour une carrière solide et des écoles intégrées pour leurs enfants. Alors forcément, visiblement, l'impression que l'on avait, c'est que « le look » (le physique) de ces sympathisants représentaient le look de tous les Cadiens (des Blancs). Une grosse erreur!

Comme toutes les cultures au monde, ce n'est pas le physique des participants qui est déterminant, mais les traditions, les mœurs, la langue, la religion. La culture, elle est poreuse. Pour en faire partie, il suffit de s'assimiler parmi les participants, d'épouser l'un(e) d'eux pour ensuite devenir un membre de la communauté.


**Louisianais pour moustique. Maringouin serait le mot amérindien.

***Nueva Iberia (La Nouvelle-Ibérie) et Gálveztown.

****La Sénégambie était une circonscription administrative française dans l'ouest de l'Afrique. Aujourd'hui c'est le Sénégal, la Gambie et une partie du Mali.

*****Les Créoles louisianais, comme leurs cousins, les Cadiens, sont une ethnie de type latin du Sud de la Louisiane. Les Créoles sont les descendants des premiers colons et esclaves dans la colonie de Louisiane. De nombreux autres ont été créolisés au fil du temps. Les Créoles peuvent être francophone ou créolophone. Ils sont souvent bilingue français et créole louisianais.

La culture créole de la Louisiane, très caribéenne à la base, a été renforcée par de vagues successives des Caraïbes (francophone, créolophone et hispanophone), du Mexique, des Iles Canaries, de l'Ouest de l'Afrique, et de la France.

Cette population locale s'est transformée en une force à ne pas sous-estimer. Ils ont perturbé l'administration espagnole et américaine suite au transfer de la Louisiane à ceux-ci.

Après l’étatilisation de la Louisiane en 1812, les Anglo-Américains ont tout de suite cherché à faire effondrer la culture latine du nouvel état. La question de la langue y était. Mais la question de « race » figurait sur la liste aussi. Les Créoles à cette époque, tout comme les Hispaniques aux États-Unis en 2010, ont rejeté le système de racialisation (Très Anglo-Saxon à la base). Ce conflit a contribué au déracinement de communautés créoles entières dans l’état vers le Mexique et aux Caraïbes à partir de 1852.

Pendant la Période de reconstruction après la Guerre de Sécession, les Créoles louisianais (souvent très instruits et accomplish) n’ont pas attendu une seconde pour arriver à Washington pour revendiquer les droits civils. Le résultat de cette vision, c’était l’adoption en 1868 de la Constitution étatique la plus radicale de l’histoire américaine qui guarantissait l’intégration des écoles et tout autre lieu public, le marriage dit mixt, le droit de voter et la citoyenneté. Lorsque les lois ont changé en 1891 ségrégant les Louisianais, mais leur offrant les lieux séparés mais « de même qualité », les Créoles ont vite réagi encore. Si Homère Adolphe Plessy a perdu le procès en 1892, et que le Sud des États-Unis se voyait légalement ségrégé en Noir et Blanc, cela n’a pas étouffé l’identité culturelle des Créoles. Noir et blanc pour les autres, mais culturel pour eux-mêmes.


******Suite à un texte de loi créant le Conseil pour le Développement du français en Louisiane (CODOFIL) par le député James Domengeaux, un effort au niveau de tout l'état a eu lieu dans le but de populariser les Cadiens, le « français cadien » et la culture cadienne (jusqu'à ce moment-là, le Cadien ne représentait qu'un petit habitant simple et pauvre de la campagne louisianaise). Pour ce faire, il fallait d'abord préciser ce que c'était qu'un Cadien et définir sa culture. La redéfinition de cette identité culturelle a mené à l'adoption du nom Acadiane pour les vingt-deux paroisses situées dans le Sud de l'Etat, là où l'on ressent la culture latine la plus forte aujourd'hui. Cela fait qu'il a été décidé, de façon naturelle et organique, que les habitants de l'Acadiane devraiet être appelés les Cadiens. Mais cela faisait partie d'une combine pour stimuler l'économie locale aussi. Comment fait-on pour y réussir si le monde pense que les Cadiens, c'est que des pauvres analaphabètes parlant une langue abâtardie? Si cela a été une réussite, c'est grâce au manger, aux festivals et au paysage du Sud de la Louisiane. La Cadianisation de la Louisiane a connu un tel succès que même La Nouvelle-Orléans, la capitale créole, se met à s'appeler une ville cadienne. Et des milliers de touristes s'y rendent chaque année à la découverte de Louisiane cadienne.

The Life of French-Creoles After Haiti Slave Revolts & Current Trends in modern New Orleans.

A look back and a look forward from a descendant of les gens de colour libre

My French language skills are good enough to understand France's President, Sarkozy, without a translator.  Yesterday, after over 100 years France finally sent one of its leaders to set food Haiti, a country that had a strangle hold on Haiti since 1804, when Haitians broke free of French slavery. 

   

 

I think Sarkozy is a Nazi and I think America practices racism, when it comes to this Baptist Silsby's Case, who snatched kids for profits due to financial difficulties back homes in the U.S., this is on the same narrative with an American judge dismissing charges of crimes done  on Arabs by the brutal American Missionaries Militias known as Black Water (XE) in Haiti and Iraq, still being promoted by Obama.

The Southern Politicians, who belong to this racist, homo-erotic " the Family," along with Evangelical/Protestant leaders like Rick Warren, of Saddleback Church, who is promoted by Oprah, going around black countries and using the "image" of the U.S. to pressure black countries, in Africa, to kill gays and suspected gays with the death penalty is Nazism.  What else can it be called?  What can be said about East Indian, La. Gov Jindal who goes on anti-gay rants after being confronted with the fact that he reprocessed Obama's Stimulus funds and handed it out to the "good ole boys" but did nothing for the working class families of La.? 

If gays want to figure out why there is so much of homo-phobia in black America, look no further than Oprah Winfrey!  From the promotion of Pastor Rick Warren to the series of shows portraying gay men, as lying "down low" deviants who spread HIV (because according to Oprah AIDS is still only a gay man's disease)-and you will have your answer!  If the elite media can criticize Southern Whites for racism and anti-gay sentiments than you also have to start looking in Utah, California and Oprah's sound-stage!  If gays are willing to march around with signs in California reading "Die Niggers" (which I saw with my own eyes) but aren't willing to take Warren, The Family and Oprah to task, than gays look like the ignorant and racist ones.

Gays have always been apart of Creole New Orleans and lower La. and have lived in peace with no problems but now the issues that gays face has to do with this push, by people like the NY Times, local conservative talk radio and Baton Rouge-which inflames hatred of people of color and gays in La.

When Haiti won its Independence from France; France demanded a HUGE indemnity, which if paid back to Haiti by France equals about 20 billion dollars!  Listening to Sarkozi speaking in French, I didn't hear anything about this burden, which France placed on Haiti as retaliation for a successful slave uprising.

I heard (In French) Sarkozi giving an Obama-like flowery speech about good and bad times but lets start a new beginning without looking back.  Well, these speeches and wrong doing against people of color are starting to sound very redundant.  It sounds redundant when the U.S. says it to blacks and even more when France says it to Haiti.

Two countries benefited from the only successful slave revolt in modern history, which was the colonies in America due to the literate and Middle Class, Gens de Couleur Libres or Creoles of Color who built  up New Orleans, owned the most prime real estate in Nawlins (according to census records and the true Creoles unlike those found in parts of Western and Central La.) and the surrounding area, giving America its first center of art, literacy and power in the New World and the France's extortion of funds from Haiti, under the threat of waging war with the country over being upset that the black Creoles were no longer under France's slave system.

 


Creole of Color in New Orleans employed newly arrived Irish, Italians, Africans( to stop them from being sold by rich white Creoles in Congo Square), owned land, had businesses, schools and paid taxes( but could not vote) so that the small W.A.S.P. slave owning class could could maintain a very wealthy lifestyle while other whites lived in conditions of squalor.  When the Civil War came, it was the small 2% of whites who had historically abused the poorer whites but convinced them to take up their cause and maintain their shameful lifestyle of luxury.  Till this day, the poorer whites are still considered lower than any almost any other ethnic group in America but still they show loyalty to the wealthier families and the more politically well connected whites.

Around the Church Houses of mid to late 1800's New Orleans and La. it was the wealthy Anglo English whites that preached made-up Protestant Church doctrines about "poor whites and Negroes shouldn't aspire to own land, own businesses or attempt to increase their economic and social standings because it wasn't the wishes of Jesus."

This was a time when Creoles of Color, Cajuns, Irish, poor Germans and Italians formed many coalitions and could be found attending the same Catholic Churches in the same New Orleans neighborhoods.  Often they would do business with each other and in places like Lake Charles, La., they even helped each other through the Great Depression years, due to an alliance formed by each families' great grandparents.

It has been the trick of the corrupt "good ole boys" to fool the bayou Cajuns in one part of La. while destroying the lives of bayou Cajuns in another part of La.  I have never seen such weakness from Cajuns, the people who sailed in on flat boats and rescued people in New Orleans while our officials (state and federal) sat on their butts and did nothing but this rescue mission were the Cajuns of the South East and not the ones of the lower South West. Tulane University in New Orleans had people like Douglas Brinkley, author of "The Great Deluge" calling these Cajuns heroes names and referring to them as simple, peasants!  When the U.S. Government started spreading white superiority and seating whites above people of color but still under the small, elite whites-many whites still felt a bond with the La. Creoles of Color. People like Douglas Brinkley is why so many students at Tulane come out of this University, still not knowing the true history of the city, which this University if located.  (Douglas Brinkley(now a Fox News Contributor) was anti-Cajun and very stereotypical in his speaking and writings of Cajuns, but due to our Louisiana Community Coalitions, this also made him Anti-Creole even though he didn't attack Creoles but some Cajuns have simply forgotten about their roots & bonds built over hundreds of years in this state.)
 

It was the stiff neck blacks who were slow to assimilate into the culture of Louisiana but instead trusted the larger white Superiority Protestant movement, and they are paying for this ignorance till this day!  Blacks in La., still really have no generational property, that 50 other people aren't coming in on and still have no business ties with other communities.  This is what the curse that the American White Anglo Protestant has laid upon the African American in La. state.

Creoles of Color, in the truest since of the word, were those free people of French/Choctaw or French/Choctaw/Afro-Caribbean which were concentrated in the New Orleans Metro Area, lower S.E. La along the La. Bayou/Gulf coast into Lake Charles and up into Cain River and Baton Rogue.  Most others, are descendants of former black slaves who happen to be called Creoles like one refers to Creole Oranges or Creole rugs and it is this segment of Creoles in La. who latch onto every exotic book that is written with the word "Creole" in the title but they never question the agenda and motives of the authors of these books.

Later many Creoles, Whites and Cajuns became mixed with Spanish, German, Irish and mostly Italian but there are those who are still misdirected from reading books written by whites and blacks or even taken the very nefarious plots of white academics at N.S.U. at Nacatoch, La as law. 

Everyone in America is "mixed" unless you just got off of some boat 10 years ago but unlike Creoles, they weren't intermarrying and generational mixed(but random mixed) with French,Native American and Afro-Caribbean or African Americans, in a certain state and Creoles can not let this be used as a weapons by racist who say that La. simply never had a people called a "Creole."

The hardest thing for people to get, including other Creoles in Central and N.W. La., is the fact that many Creoles HAVE NO AFRICAN ANCESTRY.  Many Creoles families from Plaquemines Parish are strictly French/Choctaw La. Natives.  They aren't lying, trying to be racist or self-hating but simply telling the truth about their family.

There are many Creoles in New Orleans, who aren't mixed with African American but Afro-Caribbean and some people just can't wrap their minds around this Jim Crow conditioning about this "1-drop" and assume that one must be lying when you say that your aren't African American.

There is simply too much of "Creole Literary Crack" coming out of L.S.U., N.S.U. and Cain River.

White academics at the N.S.U. Creole Heritage Center have done some very creative genealogy tricks to make Creoles into Asians and Russians, in recent days!  The people at N.S.U. are not REAL Creoles but blacks and whites who are impressed with the La. cultural richness.

Now the Pro-slavery militias, who castrated the Africans, chased them down, hung them and broke them on the block were made from a majority of White Protestant Church Groups.  These were found from Virginia all the way down into South Carolina.  They were Anglo-speaking and not French or Spanish Catholics.

 (These American Protestants are nothing more than modern day corrupt slave traders with agendas of $$$$$. If she pulled this Baptist scam in China whic she pulled in Haiti, she would already be executed!)

Laura Silsby, the Baptist, con-artist business woman from Idaho, is nothing more than a Black Water(XE) and another example of whites from America going around brutalize black/brown people around the world while the U.S.Government condones this behavior.  How I wish that the Baptist and Evangelicals would be dumb enough to do what Laura Silsby did in China because she would be hung and I would celebrate.  It is time that these people learned their lessons.

 

Speaking in French, Nicolas Sarkozy, talked briefly about the brutal legacy of slavery, which left Haiti the poorest country in the West but was careful not to mention the U.S.'s involvement with over throwing Aristide and propping up even more corruption in Haiti, under the Bush Admin, which is the government that we see today in Haiti, which is really no government at all.  The Good Ole Boys have drug routes set up, from Mexico to Texas, & the original plans, under Reagan, was to over flow the black American neighborhoods with drugs and ship them off to jails, in white rural areas, so that whites can have jobs.  This is also a pattern being used by Obama!

Nicolas Sarkozy had the nerve to pledge a mere 400 million dollars from France, when in reality France owes Haiti 20 billion dollars!

Nicolas Sarkozy, like the U.S. runs these very Nazi regimes that exploit people of color around the world.

Sarkzoy, in an outrageous act of Nazism, went into the French territories of the Caribbean (Martinique and Guadeloupe) to rewrite the history books teaching the wonderful colonization of these islands by France in the same manner that newly reprinted U.S. text books, are being written by oil companies to say that dead zones and pollution, which have been displacing Oyster-men in lower La. for at least 25 years, are only due to Hurricane Katrina(2005), which was nothing more than the sloppy work of the U.S. Army Corp of Engineers & oil companies.

Sarkozy was met with love by some but mostly protest by others.  The new Haitian Government, propped up by the Americans, removed Haitians and scrubbed streets to give the illusion that Sarkozy's presence in Haiti was welcomed and this is the game that white Nazi Governments play around the world.

It is worse than when John McCain walked around Iraq and said how great it was but when the cameras pulled back the audience saw that he was on a controlled Warner Bros. Sound-stage, complete with props and a fake back drop!

Nicolas DuPlessis

Sidney Barthelemy-Nawlins Creole Bio du jour!

Sidney John Barthelemy (born March 17, 1942) was a Democratic mayor of New Orleans from 1986 to 1994. The second Creole to hold that office, he was previously a member of the Louisiana State Senate from 1974 to 1978 and a member at-large of the New Orleans City Council from 1978 to 1986.

Early life and career

Barthelemy was born in New Orleans, the third of six children in a Creole family. He grew up in the Seventh Ward, and attended Corpus Christi Elementary School and St. Augustine High School (New Orleans). From 1960 to 1963, in preparation for entering the priesthood, he studied at Epiphany Apostolic Junior College in Newburgh, New York, and then entered St. Joseph Seminary in Washington, D.C., where he received a bachelor of arts degree in philosophy and pursued graduate study in theology. While in seminary, he worked summers as a laborer in a stevedoring company.

In 1967, having made the decision not to enter the priesthood, Barthelemy returned to New Orleans and worked as an administrative assistant in the office of Total Community Action. From 1969 to 1972, he served as director of the Parent Child Center of Family Health, Inc. During these years he also completed a Masters of Social Work at Tulane University in New Orleans, worked part-time for the Urban League of Greater New Orleans and assisted with various political campaigns, joining COUP, a political organization based in the 7th Ward of New Orleans.

From 1972 to 1974, Barthelemy served as Director of the Department of Welfare under the administration of Mayor Moon Landrieu. With the aid of COUP, he was elected in 1974 to one term in the Louisiana State Senate from District 4; he was the first African-American to serve in that body since Reconstruction. While he served in the Legislature, he also joined Xavier University as the assistant director of the Urbinvolve Program and as an instructor in the Department of Sociology and became an adjuct faculty member in the Applied Health Sciences Department, Maternal and Child Health Section, of Tulane University.

In 1978, Barthelemy was elected to an at-large seat on the New Orleans City Council, a position he held for two terms. While in the council, Barthelemy become known for his longstanding rivalry with Mayor Ernest "Dutch" Morial. He defeated Bill Jefferson in the 1986 mayoral election to succeed Morial.

Barthelemy as mayor

Barthelemy's mayoralty began under extremely difficult circumstances. Federal government revenue sharing to municipalities had been progressively reduced from 1981 onwards, and had ended by the time Barthelemy took office in 1986. A regional economic slump, the so-called "Oil Bust" added to these budget woes. Louisiana's energy-dependent economy, already slowing as the price of oil declined from its 1980 high point, was pummeled in early 1986 by a sudden collapse in price per barrel from over $27 to less than $10. While the U.S. economy benefited from lower energy costs, falling inflation and declining interest rates, unemployment in New Orleans soared to 11%. Barthelemy and his Chief Administrative Officer, Kurt Steiner, responded dramatically by privatizing garbage collection and imposing a four-day workweek for all city employees.

Taking a less hands-on approach to economic development than his predecessor Dutch Morial, Barthelemy preferred to let the private sector be the primary engine of growth. This was probably in line with the inclinations of the majority of white voters, who had overwhelmingly supported him in his election bid. Though Barthelemy took a pro-business stance, his unfocused, laissez-faire approach to attacking the city's problems was harmful in the post-oil bust period; it was during his and his successor's mayoralties that New Orleans lost its remaining attractiveness as a center for corporate white collar employment. As recently as the late 1970s and early 1980s, downtown New Orleans had experienced a building boom, with multiple office towers constructed to house the headquarters, or large regional offices, for companies such as Freeport-McMoRan, Pan American Life Insurance, Exxon, Chevron, Gulf Oil, Amoco, Mobil, Murphy Oil and Texaco. In the mid-80s these firms, along with other large employers such as Royal Dutch Shell, Louisiana Land and Exploration and McDermott International, employed thousands of white collar workers downtown, and thousands more were employed by others providing services to them. With the exception of Shell and Pan American Life Insurance, none of these firms, or their successors, maintain a large presence in New Orleans today. Though Barthelemy probably couldn't have averted the consolidation of Big Oil white collar employment to Houston, he was unsuccessful in creating an economic climate sufficiently conducive to the growth of replacement white collar employers downtown, or elsewhere in the city. A big disappointment occurred in 1988, when defense and space contractor Martin Marietta lost its bid to construct the crew modules for NASA's Space Station Freedom. Martin Marietta would have fabricated the space station hardware at its Michoud Assembly Facility in New Orleans East, already the manufacturing location of the Space Shuttle's external tank. The contract, won by Boeing, resulted in thousands of jobs created at that company's chosen assembly site, Huntsville, Alabama. More disappointment followed the creation of the Metrovision regional economic development partnership, as that body largely failed to diversify or attract additional investment to Metro New Orleans' economy.

Barthelemy's administration was not without economic development successes, as he managed to bring additional investment to New Orleans East, most notably by attracting the giant Pic 'N' Save distribution center to the New Orleans Regional Business Park (then known as the Almonaster-Michoud Industrial District). The Pic 'N' Save project embodied the city's renewed efforts to leverage the existing infrastructure of the Port of New Orleans, then experiencing a resurgence under the leadership of Ron Brinson, by attracting modern warehousing and distribution facilities to the city. In the wake of the Oil Bust, however, the Barthelemy administration most forcefully advocated for the continued development of New Orleans' tourist and convention industry. Tourism was the only sector of the city's economy to exhibit meaningful growth under Barthelemy. Several high-profile wins occurred, including attracting the Republican National Convention to the city in 1988 and the NCAA Final Four tournament in 1993. Barthelemy also oversaw the opening of the Aquarium of the Americas, the Riverfront streetcar line, the New Orleans Centre and Riverwalk downtown malls, and encouraged the first expansion of the Ernest N. Morial Convention Center (then known as the New Orleans Convention Center).

In administering city government, Barthelemy managed to gradually eliminate the $30 million budget deficit he inherited in 1986, but his methods of raising revenue - attempting to impose an "earnings tax" on the personal income of suburbanites who worked within the city limits, legalization of a land-based casino and riverboat gambling - were controversial. He took control of agencies such as the Housing Authority of New Orleans (HANO) and the Regional Transit Authority (RTA), providing appointments to members of COUP and other political allies.

Other highlights of the Barthelemy administration were the visit of Pope John Paul II in 1987, the passage of the controversial "anti-discrimination" ordinance affecting the membership in Carnival krewes, an unsuccessful, city-sponsored effort to redevelop Armstrong Park into a Tivoli Gardens-style recreation park/amusement center, an unsuccessful proposal to construct a new international airport in New Orleans East, in what later became the Bayou Sauvage National Wildlife Refuge, the post-World's Fair gentrification and redevelopment of the downtown Warehouse District, and the securing of funding for a new sports arena next to the Superdome. Consistent with the city's increasing economic tilt to tourism and the cultural economy, Barthelemy's mayoralty also supported a large addition to the New Orleans Museum of Art, in which the museum attained its present size, as well as the creation of the Louisiana Children's Museum in the Warehouse District. Plans to re-use portions of the former Canadian Pavilion of the World's Fair, including its IMAX theater, as a new Louisiana Science Museum came to nothing, however.

In 1993, Barthelemy was responsible for bringing a little-known statewide political perk to the attention of the state. At his son's graduation ceremony from Brother Martin High School, it was announced that he would be receiving the "Mayor's academic scholarship to Tulane University." This drew a mixed reaction from the crowd in attendance. The next day, the story was on the local news in New Orleans. By the end of the week, the story had made it across the state, and it was revealed that Tulane University gave scholarships to all members of the Louisiana Legislature, Louisiana representatives in the U.S. Congress, the Louisiana Governor, and other influential Louisiana politicians. These elected officials were permitted to award the scholarships to anyone they saw fit, regardless of their qualifications. Through further investigation, it was revealed that politicians regularly gave these scholarships to their own family members and to the children of political allies. In some instances, the scholarships were given out in exchange for political favors. Barthelemy's son briefly attended a state university before dropping out of college.

Throughout his political career, Barthelemy carried a reputation as a quiet and mild politician, a marked contrast to his fiery predecessor Dutch Morial, and to typical New Orleans politicians in general. His critics interpreted this as a sign of passivity and poor leadership. Under his mayoralty, the city's population declined significantly, the crime rate increased dramatically, and the performance of the city's public school system continued eroding - though in fairness the schools were controlled by the Orleans Parish School Board. National trends were also unfavorable to cities during Barthelemy's mayoralty; New Orleans was far from alone in grappling with economic stagnation and rising crime. Still, many of the alleged deficiencies of the Barthelemy administration were already articulated by the public by the end of Barthelemy's first term, and his re-election campaign in 1990 was marked by widespread criticism of his administration, and of his perceived lack of leadership - but Barthelemy managed to defeat his challenger Donald Mintz in a runoff election.

 After City Hall

Currently, Sidney Barthelemy is serving as the Director of Governmental Affairs for Historic Restoration, Inc., a real estate development group based out of New Orleans. On January 7, 2006, Barthelemy joined former mayors Moon Landrieu and Marc Morial in a meeting with parish presidents from the New Orleans metropolitan area to discuss post-Katrina plans for regional flood protection

PhD in History fails Louisiana Cajun-Creole Test! by Ted Duplessis

Historian with a PhD in Colonial American History, teaching at a University calls New Orleans and all of Louisiana culture.....CAJUN!  Something made me take a PhD level college course in Colonial American History.  I was not thrilled at the fact that no one appears to know how to teach Louisiana history, including our own schools!

While sitting in this man's class, who I will leave unnamed, due to not wanting to cause professional or academic embarrassment, and hearing him go into Louisiana history and call New Orleans and it's French Creole language....Cajun was something that I would normally let go, if it would be any old dumb American or dumber Louisianian but not a PhD teaching colonial American history, to students!  That's where stuff gets absurd.

Every Cajun and Creole in Louisiana has to endure living among ignorant immigrants to this state and their ignorant interpretations of this state's true heritage.

Creoles know that ignorant Anglo-Protestant racist have been attempting to wipe out the term Creole and Creole of Color from lower S.E. Louisiana for decades but I will not let a supposedly educated historian with a PhD slide on this ignorance.

I really think that he meant no harm but didn't do any research on authentic Louisiana heritage, history and culture beyond those pathetic racist Louisiana tour guide and travel books.

Maybe he took a ride on one of the French Quarter tours, and one of the African American tour guides said that Creole don't exist-as they've been directed to say by their racist handlers-for the past 20 years.

I did have to correct Mr.PHD who just finished bragging about being published in some law review over an amendment and spoke for 3 hours on his own resume, that Creoles arrived in Lower South East Louisiana, including Greater New Orleans and up to Central-West La. completely separate from Cajuns.  The white French-Creole settlers were the first to arrive and then more white Creoles fled from the slave revolts in the French Caribbean colonies and were followed by the wealthy mixed race-Creoles of Color-and both built the city and state of Louisiana from a swamp into the cultural Southern mecca that it is known by today.

He used the restaurant Chez Helene to say that this was a case of Cajun language changing from standard French. I informed him that Chez Helene is standard French-Creole and not Cajun.  Linguistically, socially, historically and narrative there is no way to make New Orleans into a Cajun city.  That would be like calling Baton Rouge a Vietnamese city!

There's no way to paint all of Louisiana's authentic culture as Cajun without sounding ignorant and glib.

Cajuns were run out of Acadia,Canada by Anglo-Protestant English between 1755-1763, in a very aggressive effort by the Crown of England. England then re-colonized the areas and renamed Acadia to New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and Prince Edward Island.

Cajuns were scattered throughout the North East and there are still Cajun areas in upstate New York and New Hampshire, that I have visited, in the past 2 years. Some Cajuns even ended up in the Caribbean but most Cajuns settled in lower South West La. and West of New Orleans. Cajuns developed there own brand of Louisiana culture, French and foods.  Yes, Cajun and Creoles are close cousins but even in France the Cajuns were coming from the lower Western part of France and many French-Creoles were from the Northern part of France and areas surrounding Paris.

In the late 1600's and early 1700's there was a French-Creole and Choctaw Indian union to take on the other Mississippi Delta Native American tribes.  This created the very first Louisiana race of French-Indian Creoles.  Many of these French-Indian Creoles currently live in Plaquemine Parish and Jefferson Parish areas of Louisiana. Later the free blacks and African slaves added into the mix and Creoles of Color entered lower South East La. as the new middle and educated class or urban dwellers in New Orleans.  All of this happened before the arrival of non-French European whites and most African slaves shipments were few and far between, until more English entered the Louisiana colony and demanded more slave labor.  Some of the wealthy French-men turned Creoles, from Northern France, would "yank" some poor German girl from the French-German border and bring her to Louisiana but most European women couldn't survive the Louisiana climate and environment.  It took alot of inter-breeding with Choctaws and even Africans to get the European mix, that could handle Louisiana.

Many free blacks and Creoles of Color had white and Native American wives in Louisiana.  We didn't get racial politics until AFTER the Louisiana purchase and Civil War.  Great Britain and English Protestants, gave us all the racism that we currently have in our American society. It didn't come from Catholics, France or Spain.

Another thing, Cajuns didn't own slaves but many mixed-race and free Creole blacks in New Orleans, maintained slaves in their French Quarter homes! Some blacks owned plantations in Louisiana and South Carolina.  Cajuns were work-a-holics.  Cajuns worked their own land and did all of their own labor without any "help." No one but Cajuns could even begin to settle the Bayous and swamps of lower Louisiana.  Even the Native Americans were not making efforts to grow food and irrigate any of the land in Louisiana. Native Americans never settled but roamed around from place to place like a gypsy tribe.

 

Some Cajuns were taken in by Creoles in the mid 1700's, some settled in St.Bernard and worked the Gulf of Mexico with some Creoles of Color, but most settled outside of lower South-East, La. but maintained trade routes with New Orleans Creoles. Creoles, Cajuns and Creoles of Color shared a common French and broken French language.  The French spoken by non-New Orleans African slaves, Choctaw Indians and Africans outside of New Orleans; got so mixed with Native American, African and French words that it became very regionized and hard to understand by Cajun and Creole speakers.

A Creole of Color from Port Sulphur, La can not go to Arnaudville,La and understand the French-Creole spoken by another Creole of Color.  This is a very Native American Southern habit with Creoles in present day La. state.  This is the same thing that happened with most lower Mississippi Delta and Southern Native American tribes. After a few generations-they could no longer communicate in a shared language. They would break off and develop their own hybrid-culture.

 

For some strange reason-America has lied so much about its own history that even the people in charge of teaching it, do not know what is fact and what is fiction. That's a very sad thing. Louisiana history IS NOT THAT HARD if people would stop acting like everything has to be a story of white slave owners from England, killing up Indians and working African slaves on cotton plantations.  That is a very narrow view of American history. It does not apply to every state in present day America. There's alot of in-between and gray area.

History of Spoken(French/Creole/Cajun) French in Louisiana-Indiana University Creole Dept-A la decouverte du francais cadien

The History of French in Louisiana

(Lifted from Indiana Univeristy's Cajun language CD at the Creole Dept @ I.S.U.)

Louisianians and others who are interested in the local language, as well as teachers and students of French who have discovered that the language of Molière still exists along the bayous and marshes and in the prairies of the "French Triangle," have been confronted with a lack of such resources. Aside from Les Mots de Louisiane by the French academic Patrick Griolet (a modest collection of words and expressions), the doctoral thesis of Maguy Lavaud-Grassin (an erudite work that is difficult to obtain), and Father Daigle's dictionary, which is accessible but very limited from a lexicographic standpoint, it is difficult to truly discover the words and expressions of French-speaking Louisianians.

Those who wish to examine Louisiana Creole are in a better position because the Dictionary of Louisiana Creole (DLC) has been at their disposal since 1998. Since that time a research team comprised of several collaborators involved in the creation of the DLC has undertaken the collection of the current vocabulary of those called Cajuns, Creoles, Creoles of Color and other speakers of Louisiana French.

The presence of French in Louisiana began after Robert Cavelier, Sieur de la Salle, claimed Louisiana for France in 1682. By the end of the 17th century the first colonizers from New France were arriving. Beginning in 1718, colonization efforts greatly increased due to the direct involvement of France. Colonists recruited in France, speaking various forms of regional French (and possibly Romance dialects), became the dominant population. The educated among them also had command of the prestige French of the day, as attested by written sources. The term "Colonial French" is often used to refer to the French of this early period.

Sometimes also called Colonial French, another form of the language can be more accurately labeled "Plantation Society French." This variety prevailed during the years just prior to the Civil War due to the tremendous financial success of the slave-based economy (Picone 2000, 2001). The wealthy European Creole population (European-descended) and also a large segment of the mixed-race Creole population commonly sent their children to France or to boarding schools to acquire the most prestigious form of French of that period. The plantation system came to an end when the Civil War brought financial and social ruin to both European Creole and mixed-race Creole populations. Thus Plantation Society French began a rapid decline after the Civil War. By the end of the 19th century, English had taken over as the language of administration, and French lost virtually all of the political power and prestige it had held for almost two centuries.

Between the arrival of the first French-speaking colonists and the Civil War, another variety of French arrived in Louisiana. Large numbers of Acadian refugees, who had been driven by the British from their native Nova Scotia in 1755 and dispersed throughout the British colonies and France, immigrated to Louisiana between 1764 and 1785. These Acadians preserved a vernacular variety of French that had its origins for the most part in the west-central provinces of early 17th-century France.

Unlike the Colonial and Plantation French populations, the Acadian French people of Louisiana maintained their dialect(s) due mainly to the rural and relatively isolated situation of their communities. Owing to its greater vitality, the Acadian dialectal thread, which came to be known as "Cajun French," had a preponderant influence on the French of Louisiana and became, in practical terms, a de facto standard. Louisana Creole, a French-lexifier Creole that developed among African slaves and was used by some whites who had close social interaction with them, has tended to decreolize in the direction of Cajun French (Neumann 1985). Furthermore, all non-Creole varieties of Louisiana French have merged today to some extent, resulting in a variable range of speech forms which, in accordance with popular perception, are commonly subsumed under the unified term "Cajun French."

The 1990 census lists 262,000 persons who claim to speak French at home, representing 6.7% of the total population of Louisiana. No official figures are available for Louisiana Creole, but 20,000 to 30,000 speakers would be a realistic estimate.

Since the 1968 creation of the state-funded CODOFIL program (Council for the Development of French in Louisiana), there has been an increased emphasis on Referential French (RF, often termed français international or 'international French'). RF has been introduced especially through the intermediary of the elementary schools, particularly in the form of highly successful immersion programs. From the outset, CODOFIL has collaborated with France, Québec and the French Community of Belgium in terms of staffing and curriculum support. Modern media and tourism have also brought many Louisiana Francophones into contact with other forms of French, which has had an effect on the language. To cite but one example, a member of our research team reported that he had been surprised to hear a Cajun tour guide use the term "raton-laveur" (RF for 'raccoon') instead of the usual Louisiana French term "chaoui."

Louisiana French consists of a number of highly variable subdialects that differ markedly from Referential French in morphology, syntax, lexicon, and phonology. Some of the variation present in Louisiana French is geographically distributed, for example, the interrogative 'what' is expressed as qui or quoi, depending on the geographic location of speakers. Other aspects of variation are primarily age-graded. For example, Rottet (2001) illustrates the increasing replacement among younger speakers of the subject pronoun ils with forms such as ça and eusse. Still other aspects of variation appear to simply involve free variants (e.g., in Terrebonne Parish one may realize the j/g in words such as toujours, manger as in RF or as [h], with no apparent correlation with social differentiation attached to this particular realization).

How should LF be transcribed? The solution was relatively easy for Louisiana Creole in the absence of a traditional writing system in the creole-speaking community. We adapted the only official orthography existing for a French-lexifier creole. Like every language, including the French of France, that which we call LF shows considerable variation in pronunciation, grammar and vocabulary. For example, the third person singular pronoun (RF elle) is pronounced a, è, al, èl; the verb meaning "to sand, to level" is égaler, égalir, égaliser . Since it is not the language of administration or of education, there is no reason for LF to adopt a standardized orthography. However, a group of Louisiana intellectuals, including two of our collaborators—Barry Ancelet and Amanda LaFleur—has endeavored for several years to create texts using the local language. This effort has been accompanied by the elaboration of uniform orthographic conventions. The resulting orthography has progressively come to resemble traditional RF because these authors, seeking to establish their presence as part of the francophone world, do not want to isolate themselves from it with an overly deviant orthography. Today we are quite far removed from the provocative orthography of James Faulk who, determined to demonstrate the particularities of LF, ended up rendering it opaque to francophone readers

Copyright 2003 Indiana University-Indiana Creole Institute

Historique de la langue française en Louisiane La présence de la langue française en Louisiane date de 1682, lorsque Robert Cavalier, Sieur de la Salle, a revendiqué la Louisiane au nom de la France. Les premiers colons de la Nouvelle France ont débarqué vers la fin du 17ème siècle. Les efforts de colonisation qui ont débuté en 1718 se sont intensifiés rapidement en raison de l'engagement de la France. Les colons recrutés partout en France ont apporté avec eux leurs patois régionaux (peut-être même des dialectes romans) et ont constitué la population dominante. Des sources écrites certifient que les colons les plus éduqués maîtrisaient la langue française de l'élite de cette époque. Le terme « français colonial » est souvent employé pour faire référence à la langue française de cette période en Louisiane. Mais le terme « français colonial » a également été utilisé pour désigner une autre de forme de français dont l'appellation originale était pourtant plus appropriée. Il s'agit du « français de plantation. » Cette variété a prévalu pendant la période ayant immédiatement précédé la Guerre de Sécession, en raison de l'immense succès financier de l'économie basée sur l'esclavage (Picone 2000, 2001.) La riche population créole européenne (composée de descendants d'Européens), ainsi qu'une grande partie de la population créole métisse, avait l'habitude d'envoyer leurs enfants en France ou dans des internats afin qu'ils maîtrisent la langue française dans sa forme la plus prestigieuse. Mais la Guerre de Sécession à mis fin au système des plantations puisqu'elle a apporté la ruine sociale et financière aux créoles européennes aussi bien qu'aux créoles métisses. En conséquence, le français de plantation a aussi connu un rapide déclin après la guerre. Vers la fin du 19ème siècle, l'anglais est devenu la langue dominante au niveau administratif, et la langue française a perdu presque tout l'impact politique et le prestige qu'elle avait détenus pendant près de deux siècles. Entre l'arrivée des premiers colons francophones et le début de la Guerre de Sécession, une autre variété de français a fait son apparition en Louisiane. Un nombre important de réfugiés acadiens, que les Britanniques avaient exilés de leur Nouvelle-Écosse native en 1755 et qui s'étaient dispersés dans les colonies britanniques et en France, ont immigré en Louisiane entre 1764 et 1785. Ces acadiens ont conservé une variété de français vernaculaire qui avait son origine en majeure partie dans les provinces centrales de l'Ouest de la France du début du 17ème siècle. Contrairement aux populations françaises coloniales et aux populations créoles travaillant dans les plantations, les acadiens français de Louisiane ont réussi à maintenir leur(s) dialecte(s), principalement du fait de l'isolement relatif de leur situation rurale. Plus dynamique, le dialecte acadien, que l'on désigne depuis lors sous le terme « français cadien », a influé de façon prépondérante sur les variétés du français parlées en Louisiane, et s'est imposé comme un standard de facto. Le créole louisianais, dialecte créole à base lexicale française qui s'est développé parmi les esclaves africains et qui a été employé par certains blancs qui entretenaient des contacts étroits avec eux, a montré une tendance à se décréoliser peu à peu pour se rapprocher du français cadien (Neumann 1985). De plus, toutes les variétés non créoles de français louisianais se sont fusionnés dans une certaine mesure, ayant pour résultat une gamme variable de parlers qui sont maintenant regroupés, en accord avec la perception populaire, sous le terme « français cadien. » Le recensement de 1990 a fait état de 262.000 personnes qui prétendent parler le français chez elles, ce qui représente 6,7% de la population totale de Louisiane. S'il n'existe pas de chiffres officiels pour le créole louisianais, une estimation réaliste pourrait porter ce nombre à 20.000 ou 30.000 personnes. Depuis la création en 1968 du programme CODOFIL (Conseil pour le développement du français en Louisiane) subventionné par l'Etat de Louisiane, l'on assiste à un important effort de soutien du français de référence (RF, que l'on appelle souvent français international ou « international French »). RF s'est introduit surtout par l'intermédiaire des écoles primaires, y compris des programmes d'immersion qui ont connu un grand succès dès leur introduction. Depuis sa mise en place, CODOFIL collabore activement avec la France, le Québec, et la Communauté française de Belgique, lesquels lui procurent un soutien tangible en termes de personnel et de programmes scolaires. Le développement moderne des médias et du tourisme a ouvert également les francophones de Louisiane à d'autres formes de français, ce qui produit un effet certain sur la langue. Pour ne citer qu'un seul exemple, un membre de notre équipe de recherches a été surpris d'entendre un guide cadien employer le mot « raton-laveur » au lieu de « chaoui », le mot d'usage courant en Louisiane. Le français louisianais est un regroupement de sous-dialectes hautement variable, et qui se distingue fortement du français de référence par sa morphologie, sa syntaxe, son vocabulaire, et sa phonologie. Parmi les variations présentes en français louisianais, certaines sont distribuées géographiquement, comme par exemple l'interrogatif « quoi » qui est repris par « qui » ou « quoi », selon l'origine géographique de celui qui parle. D'autres aspects de cette variation dépendent essentiellement des différences d'âge. Par exemple, Rottet (2001) illustre une tendance croissante chez les jeunes de substituer des formes telles que ça et eusse au pronom sujet ils. Cela dit, certaines particuliarités semblent être le fruit de variation libre (par exemple, dans la Paroisse Terrebonne, l'on peut prononcer le j/g dans des mots tels que toujours, manger comme en français de référence ou comme un [h], sans aucune corrélation avec des différenciations sociales). Les échantillons du français louisianais regroupés sur ce CD-ROM vous permettra d'écouter et de lire des extraits de discours enregistrés entre les années 1960 et 2000. Ces extraits représentent 32 villes dans 13 différentes paroisses, tant à l'intérieur qu'à l'extérieur de l'Acadiana, le nom donné à la région des 22 paroisses qui ont été officiellement reconnues par l'Etat de Louisiane en 1971 pour son héritage cadien (House Concurrent Resolution No.496).

Passing for Creole in Early New Orleans. Sex, Race and Passe Blanc-myth vs facts. by Ted Duplessis

Time for a much needed history lesson about which groups wanted to pass for white and who wanted to pass for Creole-let's get the history straight! Too many emails from blacks talking about that "passe blanc" term which they like to throw towards anyone-except themselves and too many ignorant so called Creoles or afro-Creoles who got Creole history from a book written by someone who knows nothing about Louisiana Creole culture or history.  Whites just do not have an issue with history being that they read the site in thousands each week but just for educational reasons and not to email off the top of their heads like some others. Much of the history that is written in American history books is fiction and while I am not an expert on all history-I AM an expert on Louisiana-French Creole history. Ignorance is no excuse to not know ones own cultural history in a true light.  There's generic history saying cliche stuff about certain ethnic groups but it isn't real accurate or intelligent to repeat what one has read from a standard American history book. People write history for agendas and political reasons but this has little to do with being truthful.

                        Allow me to break down the real history of race "passing" in New Orleans and who were the real"passe blancs" and even "passe noirs."

The biggest most irking myth about Creole folks in early Louisiana was that they all tried to pass for white folks. Everyone thinks that their Louisiana hip on Creole terminology because they know the term "passe Blanc"(passing for white) but this term was applied to mulattoes (non property owners and the off spring of African slaves with random white men who were poor)-and not Creoles as everyone tries to imagine.   This is simply not the case.  The game of ethnic/racial passing was something played by the Jews, African Americans and white women.  These are the three biggest groups who played the "passing" game. The social structure of New Orleans in the 1800's going well into the 1900's was a city that was dominated by mixed-Creole females.  The Madam trade, yielded Creole women-incomes of a corrupt Louisiana politician.  Their bank accounts were staggering.  Their net worth was more than some plantation profits.

The Frenchmen-thought that Octaroons/Quadroons (Euro French-Spanish-Native American-African American with some Italian ancestry)-were in high demand. A New Orleans Quadroon-Creole in the 1800's and early 1900's- were like a Blond hair/Blue eyed woman today-they were trophy wives.  Rich Frenchmen just had to have that Quadroon mistress. It wasn't that white men were raping black slave girls.  In fact, Frenchmen didn't really have a fondness for African-American women.  They considered the European white-looking Octaroons/Quadroons, who had a strand of African blood-as being the most desirable. How did New Orleans get such a high population of Ocatoorns if Frenchmen weren't raping African slave girls?  There are two answers to this questions.

1) History leaves out the fact that Creole men of color had the same exotic taste as their Creole Frenchmen cousins.  Creole men of color could be seen with wives who were mulatto, Irish, Italian, Cajun, Creole, African and Native American. Creole males with French/African/Native American ancestry went around with white women-which produced Octaroons/Quadroons.  The off springs produced by Creole men of color were the burning desire of French noblemen.  Creole men even had ways of importing various ethnic groups of women from other colonies in the South.  It wasn't uncommon for a Creole man to have a Seminole Native American woman-imported in from Spanish ruled Florida.

2) Poor white women would leave their villages or settlements and flock into New Orleans to be sex workers.  They knew that the Quadroon title would earn them the highest fees and more social status-so one could find white Irish, English, Scottish, German girls with blond hair and blue eyes saying that they were Octaroon with African ancestry!   In the late 1800's up to the about 1920-there were pure, lilly white "non-Creole"- women passing for Creole or mixed raced Quadroons with African ancestry in order to obtain the social status that being a Creole brought someone in New Orleans.

African Americans (still holds true today)-were the largest group trying to pass themselves off as Creole or some form of Native American mix.  New Orleans Creoles were such a small, clickish group of about one hundred French families that the French surnames was a way that Creoles used to identify other Creoles families and their history.  The surname Vinette-would tell Creoles that this family was mostly white Creoles, who didn't like mixing with non-white Creoles.  A Creole also knew that the Vinette Creoles were talented as merchants and the family was female dominated.

White women-who had Old English names like Thomas or Williams, would drop their surnames in New Orleans and just go by their first names.  One could see that the white women passing for Creoles, Quadroon or Ocataroon-would go by Elma the Octaroon or Marie the Quadroon! There were like three generations of white madams, just two years ago, in New Orleans-who ran a bordello house-and passed themselves off as Creoles instead of white. 

In fact Christine the Quadroon was a famous and wealthy madam.  She lived and traveled through the high, aristocratic circles of French New Orleans and entertained VIP's of France but she did this by passing as a mixed-raced person of color-even though she was a fair skinned and red haired white lady-who had no Creole ancestry!  I think that she could have been an Irish woman but she passed as someone who had Native American/African ancestry in order to be Creole.

History and who was trying to pass and who wasn't-has been something linked to Creoles but it is more of a Louisiana urban legend.  Creoles didn't pass as readily as other groups including blacks, white and Jews. Jews were in courts changing their surnames and in Europe finding medical ways to alter their noses.  Jews went to extremes to pass for Europeans or W.A.S.P.  They physically altered themselves and sprung the entire field of modern plastic surgery! The Jewish ethnic group wanted into white Anglo circles and they would just kill to be classified as a WASP.  After the entire Nazi era of the 30's-many Jewish-German teachers came to New Orleans and further spread the idea of white superiority.  Tulane University, in the late 80's. had a Jewish professor, who was notorious for ranting about how white people are a superior race. Segregation came from many, many different groups and angles.  Lower Louisiana didn't see segregation until the government moved in immigrants, Southern whites who further colonized the African Americans in Protestant churches through pro-segregation and anti-Creole sermons.  Southern whites in Louisiana, viewed the Jews as some form of Creole. They weren't pure white but mixed with some "colored" blood is what the Southern whites said about the Jews around their dinner tables at night.

Creoles already confused the whites, who came from outside of Louisiana, and then you had these white skinned Jewish people, with brown eyes and black hair coming to the city and saying that they were white also. This was the exact same case between Southern whites and the Italians. In the eyes of many whites (even today)-there is no such thing as having brown eyes and being a true white. No one knew how to classify them or what racial group to put them in around New Orleans.  There were many, wealthy, WASP white, Southern families in Louisiana, who would not produce off spring with a non-blue eyed person-even if the person was "white."  This was to avoid getting mixed ancestry by accident(which could happen in New Orleans and has happened to many families) or default due to not being able to tell someone's racial background.  That is what triggered the fear of the U.S. Government and their actions at the attempted wiping of Creole people from Louisiana history as a unique ethnic group. Louisiana just stood for something that the U.S. government was dead set against-racial harmony.

This was New Orleans! New Orleans was another Paris sitting in the Southern Unites States in the middle of a swamp. Many "liberal" Northern whites would come down to New Orleans and run back in shock that Irishmen were socializing and getting drunk with Creoles of color in the streets!  They would run back to Boston and call New Orleans a shame and a sin of racial impurity.

  African-Americans would classify themselves as anything BUT black! They were always Creole or Indian. You would never hear an African say that they were an African and one would never hear a white say they were European.  They also said Creole or white-Native American mix in early Louisiana. Many African-Americans or Louisiana blacks would teach their children that they were Creole from birth even if they were not considered true Creoles.  This is also done by modern day Hispanics/Latinos who teach their children that they are Italian from birth-even though they have no idea of whats a Canolli? Mexico has entire villages of Mexican-brown skinned Indians who swear that they are form Italy! I think that Mexicans really get confused by the flag colors of their country.

One would never hear a Creole of color say that they were white or black-but simply Creole.

New Orleans was never segregated.  The fight to segregate New Orleans was waged by the U.S. federal government against the city.  The U.S. government in about 1895-told the Mayor of New Orleans-John Fitzpatrick,that it would strangle the city financially if it didn't divide the racial groups. Mayor John Fitzpatrick was getting so much of kick backs from Creole business women in New Orleans that he fought to keep New Orleans as a racial melting pot but the U.S. government blackmailed the city.  There were no color line in New Orleans or lower Louisiana.  The only way that New Orleans got a little segregated was by the extreme African Americans and the extreme whites being separate.  The Mayor, at that time, passed city ordinances trying to segregate the city of New Orleans in about 1918 or 1919-but a Quadroon named, Willi Piazza, (a Quadroon Madame)-used the wealth that she obtain from the lucrative New Orleans sex trades and had this ordinance over turned in the Louisiana Supreme court.  It wasn't until the U.S. military threaten New Orleans with leaving it an unprotected city with no military base-that the people of New Orleans saw the Southern virus of hate.  The threats from the U.S. federal government and military were too much to fight.  New Orleans saw four separate ethnic groups-Southern whites, African Americans, Creoles and Creoles of color.  New Orleans is still home to many, mini Naval military basis, which the government used as leverage to force a division among races but they never really did manage to segregate New Orleans-like other American cities.

Whats a Creole?and Lives of Creoles in N.O.

Si votre un haut-parleur et un besoin français de traduire le texte à cette page j'ont fourni un service de traduction libre. http://babelfish.altavista.com/tr

CREOLE=Always a controversial and confusing term, the word Creole, to put it simply, means many things to many people.  It derives from the Latin creare, meaning "to beget" or "create."   After the New World’s discovery, Portuguese colonists used the word crioulo to denote a New World slave of African descent.  Eventually, the word was applied to all New World colonists, regardless of ethnic origin, living along the Gulf Coast, especially in Louisiana.  There the Spanish introduced the word as criollo, and during Louisiana’s colonial period (1699-1803) the evolving word Creole generally referred to persons of African or European heritage born in the New World.  By the nineteenth century, black, white, and mixed-race Louisianians used the term to distinguish themselves from foreign-born and Anglo-American settlers.  It was during that century that the mixed-race Creoles of Color (or gens de couleur libre, "free persons of color") came into their own as an ethnic group, enjoying many of the legal rights and privileges of whites.  They occupied a middle ground between whites and enslaved blacks, and as such often possessed property and received formal educations.   After the Civil War, most Creoles of Color lost their privileged status and joined the ranks of impoverished former black slaves.  All the while, however, the word Creole persisted as a term also referring to white Louisianians, usually of upper-class, non-Cajun origin (although, confusingly, even Cajuns sometimes were called Creoles, primarily by outsiders unfamiliar with local ethnic labels).  Like the Creoles of Color, these white Creoles (also called French Creoles) suffered socioeconomic decline after the Civil War.  In Acadiana, newly impoverished white Creoles often intermarried with the predominantly lower-class Cajuns, and were largely assimilated into Cajun culture.  Many names of French Creole origin, like Soileau, Fontenot, and François, are now widely considered Cajun.  And today Creole is most often used in Acadiana to refer to persons of full or mixed African heritage.  It is generally understood among these Creoles that Creole of Color still refers to Creoles of mixed-race heritage, while the term black Creole refers to Creoles of more or less pure African descent.  Increasingly, both African-derived groups are putting aside old animosities (based largely on skin color and social standing) to work for mutual preservation, and as such often merely describe themselves as Creole.   In 1982 they founded a preservation group, C.R.E.O.L.E., Inc. (Cultural Resourceful Educational Opportunities toward Linguistic Enrichment), which operates along the lines of CODOFIL.  In 1990 they began to publish Creole Magazine, which contains articles by and about Creoles in southwest Louisiana.  Their popular ethnic music, known as zydeco, is celebrated annually at the Southwest Louisiana Zydeco Festival in Plaisance.  Creoles of African descent exerted a strong influence on Cajun culture (and vice versa), affecting, for example, the Cajuns' music, foodways, and religious practices.  Ultimately, however, the word Creole remains murky, with some individuals (black, white, and mixed-race) futilely claiming the right of exclusive use.   As the Encyclopedia of Southern Culture states, perhaps the "safest" course is to say that a Creole is "anyone who says he is one."

This definition was obviously written by a non-Creole. There are many non-Creoles that attempt to define the Creole community, when we are perfectly able to articulate who we are as a people and do not need any outside help. This writer of Cajun heritage prmotion wouldnt like a Creole saying that a Cajun is ANYONE who wants to say that they are! Cajuns have their own history and culture, as do Creoles. NOTE by N. Duplessis (THE ONLY WAY, IT SEEMS FOR ME TO PAINT THE PICTURE IN PEOPLE'S MIND AT HOW DIFFERENT CREOLE HISTORY/HERITAGE WAS FROM AFRICAN-AMERICAN HISTORY/HERITAGE, IS THIS FACT-WHEN WEALTHY MIXED-RACE MULATTO CREOLES CAME TO NEW ORLEANS WITH WHITE FRENCH-CREOLES FROM THE FRENCH-CARIBBEAN, THERE WERE ABOUT 500,000 AFRICAN SLAVES AND CREOLES OF COLOR HAD OWNERSHIP TO ABOUT 150,000 OF THE SLAVES! THESE WERE NOT FIELD SLAVE BUT MORE OF WHAT A MODERN DAY MAID OR BUTLER WOULD LOOK LIKE AND OFTEN TIMES CREOLES OF COLOR PURCHASED THEIR AFRICAN BLOOD RELATIVES TO STOP THEM FROM GOING ON THE SLAVE BLOCK IN NEW ORLEANS OR RENTED THEIR RELATIVES FROM SLAVE OWNING WHITES TO GET THEM OUT OF THE FIELD. THERE WERE ALSO ASIAN SLAVE OWNERS IN THE CAROLINAS AND INDEED, FREED AFRICANS-AMERICANS WHO WERE FULL BLOOD AFRICAN (NOT CREOLES)TOOK ON AFRICAN AND NATIVE AMERICAN SLAVES! CREOLES OF NEW ORLEANS HAD OUTRAGEOUS AMOUNTS OF WEALTH AND INFLUENCE-AND CREOLES IN OTHER PARTS WERE SIMPLY NOT AS WELL OFF TO BE ABLE TO LEASE OR BUY BACK THEIR COUSINS WHO HAPPEN TO BE BORN OUTSIDE THE FRENCH-CREOLE BLOOD LINES. CREOLES, WHO LIVED JUST 20 MILES SOUTH OF NEW ORLEANS HAD A MORE HUMBLE LIFESTYLE OF PLANTERS AND FIHSERMEN. ( INDEED THE WORD CREOLE REFERED TO WHITE CREOLES FROM FRANCE AND THEIR MIXED-RACE RELATIVES. THERE WERE ALOT OF AFRICANS WHO HAPPEN TO LIVE IN THE FRENCH COLONIES AS SLAVES, WHO WERE DESCRIBED AS CREOLE LIKE ONE WOULD REFER TO CREOLE ORANGES, OR CREOLE RUGS, OR CREOLE SLAVES AND AFTER THE CIVIL WAR LARGE NUMBER OF BLACKS JUST WERE CALLED BLACK CREOLE BUT MOST OF THEM HAVE NO FRENCH-CREOLE BLOODLINES BUT YOU DO HAVE CREOLES WHO ARE LILLY WHITE OR MIDNIGHT BLACK(CREOLES HAVE ALL SKIN TONES AND OFTEN TIMES MANY MEMBERS OF THE SAME FAMILY CAN PASS FOR DIFFERENT RACES!)-SO THATS NOT REALLY CREOLE AS DEFINED IN THE FRENCH-CREOLE COMMUNITY IN LOWER SOUTH EASTERN LOUISIANA.(MIXED-RACE FRENCH-INDIAN CREOLES ARE A LARGE POPULATION IN LOWER SOUTH-EASTERN La. BUT EVEN THOUGH THEY ARE "MIXED" THEY HAVE NO BLACK BLOOD-THIS IS SOMETING THAT CREOLES OF COLOR, IN OTHER PARTS OF THE STATE, CANT ACCEPT,BEING THEY, THEMSELVES, ARE VERY ASSIMILATED INTO THE BLACK POPULATION AND CARRY THAT JIM CROW MINDSET) THE CREOLES OF LOWER SOUTH WESTERN AND CENTRAL LOUISIANA HAVE BEEN THE CREOLES WHO HAVE BEEN LEADING THE FIGHT FOR CREOLE IDENTITY IN RECENT YEARS-CANE RIVER CREOLE FAMILIES HAVE BEEN VERY HIGH PROFILE IN THE CREOLE MOVEMENT-THEY HAVE A PASSION FOR CREOLE IDENTITY IN THAT PART OF LOUISIANA, THAT CREOLES IN THE LOWER SE REGION HAVE LOST AND THE SAME CAN BE SAID FOR THE CAJUNS OF THAT REGION-THEN AGAIN THEIR NOT ON A MAJOR PORT OR THE MISSISSIPPI AND HAVENT BEEN INVADED BY OUTSIDERS TO THE EXTENT OF THE LOWER SOUTH EAST REGION WHICH ATTRIBUTED TO ASMILIATION WITH ANGLO PROTESTANTS.) p>Sources: Brasseaux, Creoles of Color in the Bayou Country; Dormon, "Preface"; Encyclopedia of Southern Culture; Reed, 1001 Things Everybody Should Know about the South; Tregle, "Creoles and Americans"; Tregle, "On that Word ‘Creole’ Again."

Creole Girls, Plaquemines Parish, 1935.  Library of Congress.

FRENCH QUARTER...NEW ORLEANS FIRST CREOLE HOT SPOT!

The French Quarter, is in actuality the original city of New Orleans founded by Bienville in 1718 but built and made famous by the beautiful Creoles of Color.  It was the Creoles of Color that designed and built the famous balconies and Creole cottages.  It was the Creoles of Color that dominated a majority of all the businesses and shops. Also known as the Vieux Carré, or Old Square, this historic neighborhood was once enclosed by ramparts. Rampart Street is today one of the boundaries of the Quarter, as is Esplanade Avenue, the Mississippi River and Iberville Street. New Orleans was named for Philip II, Duke of Orleans and Regent during the infancy of Louis XV of France.

The original city had streets named for the bastard children of King Louis XIV(rumored to have been mixed with African/Indian/French bloodlines).  Many of the elite French aristocrats attended Creole Balls or Octaroon Balls in the French quarter to meet a female Creole of Color being that most white French women were unable to cope with the humidity and climate of New Orleans it was common to see unofficial marriage arrangements between wealthy Frenchmen and Creole women.  This arrangement would include the off-spring inheriting property, wealth and an education in France.  Creole women were the backbone and rise of the Creole community in New Orleans.  Creole women were so "En Vogue" and considered so beautiful with their soft textured hair, light skin tone and slim tall figures that France started passing laws trying to keep Creole females in their cottages after certain hours and making them wear their hair up in a wrap!Creole women and their families owned a majority of the real estate in the French Quarter.  Through their unofficial marriages and business arrangements-they would have their unofficial husbands finance the building of a cottage located in the French Quarter which the Creole of Color woman would own.  Creole women would operate beauty shops, coffee houses, bordellos and Octaroon balls-(called Placage)

The French Quarter was basically, an entire area where the most wealthy and elite Frenchmen kept their Creole of Color lovers and children.  This put Creoles of Color in an "in-between" world of class and privilege while other people of color were slaves and even newly arrived whites from England, Germany and Ireland had lower class status than Creoles of Color.  It was often a more serious crime to assault a Creole woman then it was to assault a white (non-Creole) in New Orleans.  Creoles of Color in New Orleans and the lower SE region were, without a doubt, more educated and well-off than any other person of color or even other Creoles in other parts of the state.  New Orleans was an area where the aristocratic French settlers laid down roots with Creole women, while other areas of the colony contained more common Frenchmen that were unable to cope with the class systems of Europe.

It was also common to see Creole men with wives who were African, mulatto(African/European-not Creole because they were non-property owners and often had Euro-English on one side and a slave parent on the other side), Native American, and even newly arrived white Cajun females who were drifting after being exiled from Acadia. After the exiled many Cajuns were taken in by Creoles throughout Louisiana and the Caribbean. Cajun women were well known for their survival skills and they were rumored to have the strength of 10 men. Cajuns still appear to be the only ones that can tame a wild, dark, dangerous bayou. Cajun blood can be just as mixed as that of Creole folks but to a lesser degree. Many Creoles and Cajuns have Italian blood-lines, being that Italians were Catholics like Creoles/Cajuns and often lived among Creole Catholic communities in New Orleans.  Often Cajun and Creoles of Color view themselves as distant cousins. The rule was Creole married Creole-this was more based on Creoles acting out the class structures of France and Europe than anything else.  Creoles would arrange marriages with cousins and off-spring of other Creoles of Color.  This inter-marrying happened for generations and was the only way that Creoles of Color survived the pouring in of Anglo-whites and Africans into the colonies of France.  With Creoles of Color it wasn't a skin tone or color issue-it was a matter of class and upbringing that determined who a Creole would marry

Everyday life in the New Orleans French Quarter was a very cultural event.  While most of the British colonies were still living in forest and having to fight with Native American tribes, the French-Creoles of Color in La. were talking about poetry, writing books, making perfumes, composing music, holding political town hall type meetings about voting and tax, running publications and theaters along with organizing lavish style balls.

New Orleans was not an American colonial city but a well developed Creole mecca for culture, politics and going against the status quo of the times. After the Louisiana Purchase the U.S. needed Creoles to run the region and the government didn't start passing laws against people of color until after the Civil War when Anglo-whites and newly freed African-American slaves decided that the status of Creoles were too high and should be legislated to a lower level more typical for "Colored" people.  Many Creoles sold their entire estate to the government due to growing hostilities from Anglo-whites and Africans in Louisiana.  Creoles were granted passage from the U.S. into France, Mexico, Caribbean, Cuba and French Canada or Cajun country(Cajun communities were not on a port city so they were more protected from Anglo-Protestant assimilation because they lived in very secluded areas that were hard to get in) and many mixed in with the African-American community but many stayed and continued to preserve their identity even after the Creole or FPC term was banned from legal records and documents in the state.

Sometimes, accomplishments achieved by Creoles of Color are labeled as African-American but Creoles were Creoles and Africans and whites were legally separate and different distinctions-it is what it is! Thats the history-nothing more and nothing less. In fact WEB Dubois-a Creole of Color, found himself being called an African-American and having to take on the African-American culture, as well as his own Creole heritage, but he had less than 1/10 of African blood. W.E.B. Dubois was of French/Native American and Spanish/Dutch heritage with like maybe 1 great grandparent of African bloodline(There's not one scientist that can classify that as black but the U.S. love of racial class systems replaced the European system of royalty).(Just like a Creole he formed the N.A.A.C.P.-which benefited African-Americans) African-Americans, Whites and Native Americans and even Hispanics in the Americas have benefited greatly from the Creoles of Color and even though it wasn't recognize by state law to be documented as a Creole, some hospitals in the state of Louisiana up until the 70's put the term "Creole" as a racial category on many folks birth certificate-especially if it was a Catholic hospital being that Creoles were 100% Catholic.